NR
601
midterm
Exam
Questions
and
Answers
2024
Physiological
age
related
changes
-
ANS-Skin:
loss
of
dermal
thickness,
atrophy
of
sebaceous
glands,
decreased
vascularity ,
decr
sweating,
imp.
thermoregulation,
loss
of
body
hair
Resp:
decr
lung
elasticity,
thoracic
wall
calcification,
cili
atrophy,
decr
muscle
strength
CV:
thick,
fibrose
valves,
degeneration
of
MV,
thickening
of
SA
node,
bradycardia,
S4,
lipid
deposits
GI:
smaller
liver,
more
gallstones,
decr
taste,
decr
gastric
acid,
GU:
decr
renal
mass
&
GFR
&
Creat
clear.,
decr
ability
to
dilute
urine
neuro/musc:
decr
myosin
&
bone
mass,
osteoclasts
reabsorb
bone
eye:
decr
tear
production,
imp.
color
vision,
dry
eye,
glaucoma
ear:
high
frequency
loss
first
endo:
less
thermoregulation,
poor
perception
in
changes
in
temp.,
decr
metabolic
rate
Immune:
decr
t-cell,
lab
change
relating
to
age
-
ANS--
Spec
gravity
(
lower)
-TIBC
(lower)
-HGB/HCT
(lower)
-no
change
in
PLT
-
Alb
(lower)
-
BUN/Creat
(higher)
-
cholesterol
(higher)
-
Thyroxine
(lower=3.3-8.6)
Altered
presence
of
illness
-
ANS--
may
fail
to
develop
a
fever
from
infection
-
depression=
agitation
&
psychotic
features
-
cardiac
manifestations=thyroid
disease
-
Jaundice
=
gallbladder
disease
or
malignancy
-
delusions/hallucinations=
dementia
or
medication
side
effects
-
lack
of
cooperation
in
their
care
-sepsis
without
leukocytosis
or
fever
Exercises
for
specific
diagnosis
-
ANS--Osteoarthritis:
Walking,
aquatic
activities,
tai
chi, resistance
exercises,
cycling
-CAD/
CHF/COPD:
Walking,
cycle
ergometry -
Type
2
DM:
Resistive,
aerobic,
aquatic,
recreational
activities
-
Anxiety:
Walking,
biking,
weight
lifting-
If
able
to
do
high-intensity
exercise,
this
benefits
anxiety
-
Depression:
Walking,
cycling,
recreational
activities
Group
participation
-
Fibromyalgia:
Aerobic,
aquatic
therapy,
strengthening,
tai
chi,
Pilates
-
Chronic
venous
insufficiency:
Walking,
standing
exercises
-
Osteoporosis:
Weight-bearing
exercises,
weight
training
-Parkinson's
disease:
Walking,
stationary
bike,
dancing,
tai
chi,
Pilates,
boxing
-Peripheral
arterial
disease:
Lower
extremity
exercises,
walking
-
sleep
disorders:
Tai
chi,
walking,
aquatherapy ,
biking
-Dementia:
Walking,
recreational
activities
Barriers
to
physical
activity
-
ANS-Lack
of
time
■
Perceived
need
for
equipment
■
Perceived
barrier
to
beginning
exercise/physical
activity
■
Disability
or
functional
limitation
■
Unsafe
neighborhood
or
weather
conditions
■
No
parks
or
walking
trails
■
Depression
■
High
body
mass
index
(BMI)
■
Lack
of
motivation
■
Interpersonal
loss
or
significant
life
event
■
Ignorance
of
what
to
do
Contraindications
to
physical
activity
-
ANS--Unstable
angina
■
Uncompensated
heart
failure
■
Severe
anemia
■
Uncontrolled
blood
glucose
■
Unstable
aortic
aneurysm
■
Uncontrolled
hypertension
or
tachycardia
■
Severe
dehydration
or
heat
stroke
■
Low
oxygen
saturation
Testing
prior
to
exercise
-
ANS--health
history
-
medications
-present
physical
activity
and
functional
level
-
barriers
to
exercise