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Relias1. Identify two consequences: - ANSreinforcement and punishment
2. The field of Applied Behavior Analysis focuses on ______________ behavior. -
ANSobservable
3. What follows behavior? - ANSconsequences
4. Another way to conceptualize negative in negative reinforcement and negative punishment is:
- ANSremoval
Negative refers to the removal of a stimulus in regards to the consequence.
5. Jane rarely used her phone. Whenever her annoying coworker approaches her and she is on
the phone her coworker walks away. Now Jane is always talking on the phone. What principle of
behavior accounts for this increase? - ANSnegative reinforcement
6. Reinforcement is any event that _________ behavior and _________ behavior. - ANSfollows;
increases
7. Who was the founder of modern behaviorism? - ANSB.F. Skinner
8. When Kay talked to Nancy, she liked to complain about work. Nancy would listen and try to
cheer her up by talking with her. The more Nancy talked with Kay the more she complained. By
talking with Kay after she complained, Nancy used what principle? - ANSpositive reinforcement
9. The definition of behavior is: - ANSany observable movement of a living thing
1. Alyse didn't sing in music class often. One day, her teacher saw Alyse singing and
complimented her voice in front of the class. Alyse stopped singing in music class all together.
What principle did the music teacher use on Alyse's singing behavior? - ANSpositive
punishment
2. Motivating operations increase the relative value of a particular reinforcer and also ________.
- ANSMotivating operations increase the relative value of a particular reinforcer and also
increase the likelihood of any behavior that has produced that reinforcer in the past.
3. Ratio Schedules are based on ______________ and interval schedules are based on
___________________. - ANSnumber of responses, passage of time
, 4. Luke threw toys at his peers during free play. When the teacher caught him doing this, she
would take the toy that he threw and put it in a box that he couldn't access for the rest of the
day. His behavior decreased. This is an example of: - ANSnegative punishment
5. Hilary has autism and she likes to push buttons on her toys over and over again. After a
while, to her parent's satisfaction, the batteries wore out of the toy. Hilary stopped pushing the
buttons on the toy. What decreased her behavior? - ANSextinction
6. Jake yelled when he wanted music turned off and his parents would turn it off. One day, his
parents decided to ignore the yelling. Jake's yelling initially increased then decreased over the
next couple days as they continued to ignore. What occurred? - ANSextinction burst
His parents put his behavior of yelling on extinction by no longer providing the reinforcement of
turning the music off, but it initially increased before its eventual decrease. This is known as an
extinction burst.
7. __________________schedules of reinforcement are when only some of the responses are
reinforced. - ANSIntermittent
8. Motivating Operations variables in the environment that alter the relative value of a
__________ at a particular time. - ANSreinforcer
9. Joshua cracked jokes during the movies he watched in history class every week. When he
did this the teacher removed him from the class and had him sit in the library. Joshua stopped
cracking jokes during the movies. This is an example of - ANStime out
10. What is not a variable of reinforcer effectiveness? - ANSattractiveness
different types of prompts - ANSphysical, gestural, verbal
Generalization - ANSclient can demonstrate a skill across people, materials/stimuli and settings
-use multiple stimuli for training, vary SDs to ensure client can respond to same question asked
in different ways, train different responses so the client can respond in multiple ways, use many
different people, variety of settings
chaining - ANSwe need to teach specific steps of a complex behavior (handwashing: multiple
steps)
total task chaining - ANSprompt as needed for each step
shaping - ANSrefers to a procedure used to teach a new behavior (writing letters of alphabet,
pronunciation of a word) ie. pitching ball, routines in gymnastics, diving
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