CDCA local anesthesia Exam Review 118 Questions with Complete Solutions
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Cdca local anesthesia
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Cdca Local Anesthesia
CDCA local anesthesia Exam Review 118 Questions with Complete Solutions
which has thicker cortical plate, maxillary or mandibular? - Correct Answers mandibular (this decreased the amount of the local anesthesia molecules that can penetrate to nerves during infiltration injections)
due to the t...
CDCA local anesthesia Exam Review 118 Questions
with Complete Solutions which has thicker cortical plate, maxillary or mandibular? - Correct Answers mandibular (this decreased the amount of the local anesthesia molecules that can penetrate to nerves during infiltration injections)
due to the thickness of cortical bone, which is a good option for local anesthetic in the mandibular arch during infiltrations? - Correct Answers Articaine (Septocaine) is sometimes effective for mand. infiltrations (4% vs. 2% for lidocaine) due to the increased number of molecules
hematomas are most common with which type of injection, and why? - Correct Answers PSA due to nicking a vessel in the pterygoid plexus of veins
what is the TX for a hematoma? - Correct Answers pressure, cold compresses on/off, NSAIDS, and time.
a positive aspiration when administering a PSA is due to what? - Correct Answers aspirating hemorrhage caused by injection
what are the three most common locations for hematomas to occur? - Correct Answers 1. PSA
2. IA
3. mental
blanching of the tissue following/during an injection is caused by what? - Correct Answers vasospasm/vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine or brushing against autonomic nerves stimulation vasospasm
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is bordered by what anatomical structures? - Correct Answers ramus, lateral pterygoid muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is identified intra-orally by what? - Correct Answers pterygoid hamulus (palpation), coronoid notch (palpation), and pterygomandibular raphe (visual)
the mandibular foramen lies approx. __________________________ of the distance from the anterior border of the ramus to the posterior border - Correct Answers 1/2 to 2/3 Antero-posteriorly, the greater palatine foramen is located between the ___________________________. - Correct Answers middle oft he maxillary second molar and the middle of the third molar in about 80-90% of patients.
all arteries leading to the oral cavity receive blood from what? - Correct Answers external carotid (most are direct or indirect branches from the maxillary artery with the exception of the lingula -- this is a direct branch from the external carotid)
veins from the oral cavity will drain into what? - Correct Answers internal jugular (both internal and external drain into the brachiocephalic veins which drain to the superior vena cava
do myelinated or un-myelinated nerves create faster impulse? - Correct Answers myelinated (impulses jump from node to node -- node of ranvier)
what is saltatory conduction? - Correct Answers the process of nerve impulses jumping from nodes of ranvier along a myelinated nerve
what is the resting potential charges of a nerve? - Correct Answers inside is negative and outside is positive
what molecules are predominately outside/inside at resting potential? - Correct Answers Na+ outside
and K+ inside
what is depolarization? - Correct Answers Na+ channels open , Na+ flows in reversing polarity; K+ flows out to restore neutrality; the Na+ and K+ pumps restore polarity (resting potential)
what is the mechanism of action for local anesthetics? - Correct Answers blocks the Na+ channels preventing depolarization
what is the basic structure of anesthetics? - Correct Answers aromatic ring (lipid soluble), intermediate chain (amide or ester configuration), and terminal amine (able to ionize and become water soluble)
lipophilic vs. hydrophyllic - Correct Answers lipophilic is lipid soluble and hydrophyllic is water soluble
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