Praxis Psychology 5391 Human Growth and Development Study Set
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Course
Praxis Psychology 5391
Institution
Praxis Psychology 5391
Behaviorist Psychology Observes human actions, focuses on observable behavior as a means to studying the human psyche/mind. Feelings cannot be measured, but human actions can reveal an emotion. Focus on OBJECTIVE observations with no consideration for mental process of indviduals
humanistic psyc...
Praxis Psychology 5391 Human Growth and Development Study Set Behaviorist Psychology ✅Observes human actions, focuses on observable behavior as a means to studying the human psyche/mind. Feelings cannot be measured, but human actions can reveal an emotion. Focus on OBJECTIVE observations with no consideration for mental process of indvidual s humanistic psychology ✅Observes human actions, focuses on the current environment of the individual in determining the reasons for their behaviors. Looking into the past (like psychoanalysis) is not enough to give a clear picture of the individual. Focus is on individual's poten tial for growth, by determining what in their environment needs to be changed to improve functioning Edward Titchener ✅Student of Wilhelm Wundt; founder of Structuralist school of psychology. The structuralist school of psychology ✅Used introspection to analyze conscious experience. Originally a concept from physics. Attempts to learn the nature of something based on its structure. Introspection (requires the ability to look inside and analytically verbalize feelings, thoughts, and s ensations: beginning of modern psychology) or self reflection was believed to be the main activity in determining the structure of the human mind cognitive neuroscience ✅Explores how the physical parts of the brain and their functions relate or determine mental processes, such as joy, fear, or anger: connections between brain function and raw emotions. Focuses on examining individuals with brain damage to determine various brain functions. evolutionary psychology ✅the attempt to explain mental and social behavioral processes in terms of genetic factors that have evolved over time according to the principles of natural selection behavior genetics ✅How much our genes and our environment influence our individual behaviors and mental processes Psychodynamics ✅how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. Relies on psychoanalysis and instrospection to unlock the unconscious. Cognitive Psychology ✅Explores how the brain stores, processes, and retrieves information, with a main focus on working memory social -cultural psychology ✅the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking, and how they vary across situations and cultures. Three levels of analysis when discussing field of psychology ✅Biological (including genetic predispositions), psychological, and social -cultural influences. Because these three levels interact, each must be considered when discussing any component of psychology biological influences ✅One of three levels of psychological analysis to consider when discussing any component of psychology. The role that natural selection and biology play in determining human behavior and development, including genetic predispositions that may interact with environmental constraints, influences of hormones and other mechanisms within the brain. psychological influences ✅One of three levels of psychological analysis to consider when discussing any component of psychology. Include learned behaviors based on observation or modeling as well as cognitive and perceptual processes of the world around us. social -cultural influences ✅One of three levels of psychological analysis to consider when discussing any component of psychology. Includes the immediate environment of our family, neighborhoods, peers, all playing a role in our development. Piaget's stages of cognitive development ✅1. sensorimotor 2. preoperational 3. concrete operational 4. formal operational Piaget's stages of cognitive development theorizes that ✅Children will learn more effectively if allowed to actively adapt to the world around them through play and exploration rather than being taught skills and knowledge by others. Suggests that there are 4 major stages that children will go through as they be gin acquiring new skills that aid their ability to learn and process information independently. sensorimotor stage ✅Piaget, first stage, birth to age 2, uses senses of sight, hearing, touch, to learn about and explore elements of the world. Begins developing hand -eye coordination and ability to reason out method of achieving goals preoperational stage ✅Piaget, second stage, 2 to 7 years, during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. Begins using words, symbols, and pictures to describe discoveries about particular elements in their world. Begin developing an understanding of language, can focus attention on a particular subject or object. Faulty sense of logic when attempting to understand certain concepts such as volume, mass, and number when some element is
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