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Exam (elaborations)

Fisdap Unit Exam: Medical Emergencies Questions and Answers

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  • Fisdap : Medical Emergencies
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  • Fisdap : Medical Emergencies

Opiates and opioids - ANSWER-morphine, codeine, and heroin, methadone, oxycodone hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, pinpoint pupils, sedation, coma, hypotension sympathomimetics - ANSWER-epinephrine, albuterol, cocaine, methamphetamine hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation...

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  • April 16, 2024
  • 26
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Fisdap : Medical Emergencies
  • Fisdap : Medical Emergencies
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IMORA
Fisdap Unit Exam: Medical
Emergencies Questions and Answers

Questions to ask patients who OD - ANSWER-what did you take, when, how much,
last oral intake, any precautions taken, weight

Opiates and opioids - ANSWER-morphine, codeine, and heroin, methadone,
oxycodone

hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, pinpoint pupils, sedation, coma, hypotension

sympathomimetics - ANSWER-epinephrine, albuterol, cocaine, methamphetamine

hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation, seizures, hyperthermia

sedative hypnotics - ANSWER-diazepam, secobarbital, flunitrazepam, midazolam

slurred speech, sedation, coma, hypoventilation, hypotension

anticholinergics - ANSWER-atropine, diphenhydramine, chloropheniramine,
doxylamine, datura stramonium (jimsonweed)

tachycardia, hyperthermia, hypertension, dilated pupils, dry skin and mucous
membranes, sedation, agitation, seizures, coma, delirium, decreased bowel sounds

cholinergics - ANSWER-organophosphates, pilocarpine, nerve gas

airway compromise

SLUDGEM

SLUDGEM - ANSWER-salivation, sweating

lacrimation

urination

defecation, drooling, diarrhea

gastric upset and cramps

emesis

muscle twitching/miosis (pinpoint pupils)

,miosis - ANSWER-excessively constricted pupil, often bilateral after exposure to
nerve agents.

Inhaled poisons - ANSWER-can cause hypoxia (CO), airway obstruction and
pulmonary edema (chlorine gas), burning eyes, sore throat, cough, chest pain,
hoarseness, wheezing, respiratory distress, dizziness, confusion, headache, stridor,
seizures, altered mental status,

treat by removing the patient from exposure and applying oxygen

some inhaled agents cause progressive lung damage and damage may not be
evident for several hours. It may take 2-3 days or more of ICU to restore normal lung
function.

prompt transport, O2 via non rebreathing and possible positive pressure ventilation if
necessary. pulse oximetry readings may be inaccurate with inhaled poisons. suction
if necessary.

Absorbed and surface contact poisons - ANSWER-corrosive substances will damage
the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, cause chemical burns, rashes, or lesions,.

acids/alkalis, petroleum (hydrocarbon) products are destructive to the skin and
external tissue.

distinguish between contact burns and contact absorption

history of exposure, liquid or powder on patient skin, burns, itching, irritation, redness
of skin, odors of substance.

avoid contaminating yourself and others

remove substance from the patient as fast as possible

remove all contaminated cothes

brush off dry powdery substances, flood/flush with water 15-20 minutes. use soap.

irrigate eyes quickly: make sure the fluid runs from the bridge of the nose outward,
initiate on scene and continue during transport; keep the patient eyes open.

ingested poisons - ANSWER-80% of all poisoning is by mouth. usually accidental in
children and purposeful in adults.

GI problems, cardiac problems, neurological problems.

injected poisons - ANSWER-intravenous drug abuse and envenomation by insects,
arachnids, and reptiles.

usually absorbed quickly into the body, can cause intense local tissue destruction.
Often life threatening.

, weakness, dizziness, fever, chills, unresponsiveness, excitability

monitor airway, provide high flow O2, be alert for nausea and vomiting.

remove rings, watches, bracelets from areas around the injection site if swelling
occurs

if poison route or type is unknown, reassess as if unstable

Toxin emergency medical care - ANSWER-perform external decontamination

remove tablets/pill fragments from the patient's mouth, wash/brush dry poison from
the skin.

assess and maintain ABCS

activated charcoal - ANSWER-binds specific toxins and prevents absorption, toxins
leave the body in stool.

not indicated/ineffective with alkali, cyanide, ethanol, iron, lithium, methanol, mineral
acids, or organic solvent poisons.

if patient has decreased LOC or cannot protect their airway (no gag reflex), do not
give activated charcoal.

premixed suspension bottles usually contain up to 50g of activated charcoal.

usual dose for adult or child is 1g per kg of body weight.

Average in adults in 30-100g, average in children is 15-30g for children younger than
age 13.

always obtain approval from medical control.

most effective if used within 1 hour of ingestion.

shake the bottle vigorously to mix the suspension after patient rights and medical
control

looks like mud so cover it up, have patient drink with a straw

mix as needed to keep it suspended.

document any refusal

impacts include constipation, black stools, vomiting (after which dose has to be
repeated), be prepared for vomiting, nausea, and possible airway conditions

use a large plastic garbage bag to hang on the patient as a bib.

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