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PNCB Exam with complete solutions
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PNCB ExamWhat is the developmental stage and age range defined as experiencing the
world through senses and actions? - ANSWER-Piaget's Sensorimotor, Birth to 2
years
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as representing things
with words and images? - ANSWER-Piaget's Preoperational, 2 to 6 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking logically
about concrete events and grasping concrete analogies? - ANSWER-Piaget's
Concrete Operational, 7 to 11 years old
What is the developmental stage and age range defined as thinking about
hypothetical scenarios and processing abstract thoughts? - ANSWER-Piaget's
Formal Operational, 12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Formal Operational? - ANSWER-12 to adulthood
What age range is Piaget's Concrete Operational? - ANSWER-7 to 11 years old
What age range is Piaget's Preoperational? - ANSWER-2 to 6 years old
What age range is Piaget's Sensorimotor? - ANSWER-Birth to 2 years old
Describe independent play - ANSWER-Common in ages 2-3
They are uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing.
They are playing alone and maintains focus on its activity.
What stage of play is defined by playing alone and uninterested in or unaware of
what others are doing? - ANSWER-Independent play
,Describe Parallel Play - ANSWER-Children play adjacent to each other, but don't
influence each other's play.
They are interested in what other children are playing, but plays alone.
Ages 2-3, but can start after 1st birthday
What stage of play is defined as interested in another's activity but playing along
side them without influencing or interacting with them? - ANSWER-Parallel play
What differentiates Parallel play vs Associative play? - ANSWER-Interaction.
There is interaction with associative play, not with Parallel play. In Associative,
there is interest but no coordinated activity.
What type of head trauma is typically associated with vacuum deliveries? -
ANSWER-Subgaleal hemorrhage - ruptured emissary vein caused by
fragmentation of the parietal bone associated with skull fracture. Can extend to
the neck and orbits. May have crepitus, fluid waves and ill-defined borders
A quad screen expected result for a child with down syndrome would read? -
ANSWER-Low levels of AFP
What AFP level would you expect in a child with esophageal atresia? -
ANSWER-High
An 8 month old infant presents with significant head lag, what are you suspicious
of? - ANSWER-Cerebral Palsy
When is an infant expected to double it's birth weight by? - ANSWER-5 months?
When is an infant expected to triple it's birth weight by? - ANSWER-1 year
Pregnant Greeks and pregnant woman living in higher elevations should have
their newborns followed for? - ANSWER-higher risk of hyperbilirubinemia
An indirect bili measures conjugated or unconjugated bili? -
ANSWER-unconjugated
, An infant presents with elevated total bili, what should you suspect? -
ANSWER-biliary atresia
An infant assessment finds a cephalohematoma on exam, what should you
monitor the child for? - ANSWER-hyperbilirubinemia
Which patient population has highest risk for hyperbilirubinemia? Asians, African
Americans, Greeks? - ANSWER-Asians and American indians have highest risk.
African americans with G6PD deficiency are at greater risk, as is Greeks and
people who live in higher elevations.
A pregnant mother positive HIV presents to the hospital in labor, intact
membranes at 38 weeks with an unknown viral load. She has had 3 ARV. What
is the treatment plan? - ANSWER-Patient with a viral load or unknown viral load,
despite receiving 3 ARV, should have a c-section.
What recurrent infection is commonly associated with HIV? - ANSWER-oral
thrush
What is the treatment for Chlamydia Trachomatis conjuntivitis? - ANSWER-Oral
Azithromycin is preferred (20mg/kg/day in 1 dose) for 3 days or 40mg/kg/day in 4
divided doses for 14 days of erythromycin - eye drops do NOT work
What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the US? -
ANSWER-Chylamdia Trachomatis
What is the treatment for Gonorrheoeae Conjuntivitis? - ANSWER-IV antibiotics -
ceftriaxone 25-50mg/kg IV or IM in a single dose. Infant must be evaluated for
disseminated disease
What is the gold standard for testing of Chlamydia Trachomatis? -
ANSWER-Culture
What medication(s) are associated with increased risk for pyloric stenosis? -
ANSWER-Erythromycin and Azithromycin
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