Exam (elaborations)
Acute Renal Failure (ARF) with complete solutions
- Course
- Institution
Acute Renal Failure (ARF) with complete solutions
[Show more]
Content preview
AcuteRenal
Failure
(ARF)
What
is
acute
renal
failure?
-
ANSWER--an
abrupt
decrease
in
renal
function
resulting
in
retention
of
nitrogenous
waste
-result
of
decreased
renal
blood
flow,
intrinsic
renal
parenchymal
diseases,
or
obstruction
of
urine
flow
-acute
tubular
necrosis
is
the
most
common
intrinsic
cause
of
ARF
What
is
the
most
common
intrinsic
cause
of
ARF?
-
ANSWER-acute
tubular
necrosis
What
is
the
epidemiology
of
ARF?
-
ANSWER-1%
on
admission
to
hospital
2-5%
during
hospitalization
What
is
the
etiology
of
ARF
in
the
hospitalized
patient?
-
ANSWER-In
hospitalized
adults,
the
most
common
cause
of
ARF
is
prerenal
azotemia--30-60%
of
all
cases
In
hospitalized
adults,
1-10%
of
ARF
is
associated
with
postrenal
azotemia
Acute
tubular
necrosis
(ATN)
is
most
common
intrinsic
renal
disease
leading
to
ARF
**common
predisposing
factor
is
prerenal
azotemia
**40-60%
in
post
trauma
or
postoperative
patient
What
is
the
most
common
intrinsic
renal
disease
that
leads
to
ARF?
-
ANSWER-acute
tubular
necrosis
In
hospitalized
adults,
the
most
common
cause
of
ARF
is
what?
-
ANSWER-prerenal
azotemia
30-60%
What
is
the
pathophysiology
of
prerenal
azotemia?
-
ANSWER-reduction
in
glomerular
perfusion
secondary
to
decreased
volume
or
situations
with
decreased
circulation
(CHF,
advanced
cirrhosis,
and
septic
states)--high
(>20)
ratio
of
BUN
to
serum
creatinine
ratio
with
low
urine
output
**
they
look
warm,
flushed,
and
sepsis
is
common
(similar
to
tylenol
OD) What
is
the
pathophysiology
of
acute
tubular
necrosis
(ATN)?
-
ANSWER-decreased
blood
flow
with
ischemia
What
is
the
clinical
presentation
of
ARF?
-
ANSWER-Decrease
in
urine
output,
dark
urine,
cola-colored
urine,
and
sx
suggestive
of
uremia,
such
as
fatigue,
weakness,
N/V
loss
of
appetite,
metallic
taste
in
the
mouth,
itching,
confusion,
fluid
retention,
and
HTN
What
is
the
chart
review,
hx,
and
px
of
ARF?
-
ANSWER--correct
diagnosis
depend
on
careful
review
of
patient
data
and
hx
-start
with
hx
and
review
of
chart
(look
for
reduced
weight,
postural
BP
and
pulse
changes,
and
also
a
reduced
JVP)
-examine
abdomen
for
distention
of
the
bladder
What
labs
would
you
look
at
for
ARF?
-
ANSWER-ratio
of
BUN
to
creatinine
urinary
volume
UA
and
urine
sediment
distinguish
btwn
prerenal
azotemia
and
acute
tubular
necrosis
What
would
the
ratio
of
BUN
to
creatinine
show
in
ARF?
-
ANSWER--in
prerenal
azotemia,
BUN/creatinine
ratio
is
>
20:1
-a
high
level
of
creatinine
that
exceeds
the
elevation
of
BUN
suggests
rhabdomyolysis
-within
48
hours
if
the
serum
creatinine
rises
at
least
0.3
mg/dl
(suspect)
What
are
other
causes
of
an
increased
BUN/creatinine
ratio?
-
ANSWER-GI
bleeding,
use
of
systemic
steroids;
catabolism
caused
by
medical
problems,
or
a
high
protein
diet
What
would
the
urinary
volume
show
in
ARF?
-
ANSWER-less
than
400
ml/day
with
oliguria
<
100
ml/day
with
anuria
What
would
the
UA
and
urine
sediment
show
in
ARF?
-
ANSWER--in
prerenal
failure:
moderate
number
of
hyaline
and
finely
granular
casts
may
be
seen
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ACTUALSTUDY. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
