Generic name - ***not capitalized, less expensive
brand name - ***commercial name, capitalized
what are the different types of oral medications? - ***liquid, tablet, capsule, powder
which form absorbs the fastest? - ***liquid
which form absorbs the slowest? - ***enteric coated tablet
what are ...
NUR 325 Exam 1 ASU Qu estions and Verified Answers Generic name - ***not capitalized, less expensive brand name - ***commercial name, capitalized what are the different types of oral medications? - ***liquid, tablet, capsule, powder which form absorbs the fastest? - ***liquid which form absorbs the slowest? - ***enteric coated tablet what are the 3 ways a drug can be delivered parenterally? - ***intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly which parenteral drug is fastest? - ***IV pharmacokinetics - ***movement of drugs from site of administration to various tissues 1st pass effect - ***some of the drugs when passed though the liver may deactivate —> reduces effect of drugs bioavailability - ***amount of oral drug after passing through the liver parenteral drugs - ***does not get affected by 1st pass effect because it goes directly to the vein or tissue what factors affect distribution to different parts of the body? - ***-movement of drug by circulatory system to intended site of action -drugs enter the blood after they absorb through intestinal wall or alveoli in lungs or after direct/indirect injection -liver, heart, kidneys receive most of drugs because of their rich drug supply -bones or areas with natural barrier (brain) won't receive as much of the drug Metabolism (biotransformation) - ***The biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active metabolite biotransformation - ***when a drug is chemically altered during metabolism Where does metabolism take place? - ***liver half life - ***time it takes for a drug that enters the body to decrease in half onset - ***the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response peak - ***The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response duration - ***time the drug lasts without additional doses peak level - ***The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring. trough level - ***The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring. Why is peak & trough important? - ***must maintain at a therapeutic level in the blood in order to be effective Pharmacodynamics - ***Biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of taking a drug adverse reactions - ***a list of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects other than the desired effect Therapeutic effect - ***The desired or intended effect of a particular medication. "off-label" - ***the use of drugs for unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration most severe adverse reaction - ***anaphylactic shock clinical manifestations of anaphylactic shock - ***swelling of eyes, mouth, face, and throat, difficultly breathing, wheezing, rapid HR, extremely low BP , eventually cardiac arrest drug tolerance - ***body decreased response to a drug over a period of time or repeated use cumulative effect - ***When the body cannot completely metabolize and excrete one drug dose before next dose is given drug toxicity - ***excessive doses result in negative physiologic effects (can be irreversible) may lead to OVERDOSE precautions - ***benefits outweigh the risk Contraindications - ***drugs the provider should NOT prescribe because they have potential to cause serious or life -threatening adverse effects additive interaction - ***medicines work together in a positive way (same effect x2)
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