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FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER exam|755 Questions and Answers
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FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER exam|755Questions and Answers
Trauma to Kiesselbachs plexus: - -Will result in an anterior nosebleed
-The diagnostic or gold standard test for sickle cell anemia, G6PD anemia,
and alpha or beta thalassemia: - -Hemoglobin electrophoresis
-Erythromycin "allergy" vs adverse reaction: - -Adverse reaction-symptoms
of nausea or GI upset
allergy -hives, angioedema
-Acute mononucleosis: - -Pt will most likely be a teen presenting w classic
triad of sore throat, prolonged fatigue, and enlarged cervical nodes.
-Alpha thalassemia: - -More common among Southeast Asians such as,
Indian, Chinese, or Filipino descent
-Lupus - -Malar rash(butterfly rash)Pts need to avoid or to minimize sunlight
exposure(photosensitivity)
-Tx polymyalgic rheumatica(PMR) - -1st line tx for PMR includes long-term
steroids. Long term steroids are commonly used to control symptoms(pain,
stiffness on shoulders, and hip girdle). PMR pts have higher risk for temporal
arteritis.
-Gold standard exam for temporal arteritis: - -Biopsy of the temporal artery.
refer pt to opthalmologist for mgt
-Finkelstein's test: - -Positive in De Quervains tenosynovitis
-Anterior Drawer maneuver and Lachman maneuver: - -Positive if anterior
cruciate ligament (ACL) of knee damaged. The knee may also be unstable
-McMurray's sign: - -Positive in meniscus injuries of the knee
-Damaged Joints: - -Order X-ray first, but MRI is the Gold Standard
-Diabetic retinopathy: - -Neovascularization, hard exudates, cotton wool
spots, and micoaneurysms
-Hypertensive retinopathy: - -AV nicking, silver and or copper wire arterioles
-Checking deep tendon reflexes: - -absent(0),
,hypoactive (1)
normal(2)
hyperactive(3)
clonus(4)
-Clonus: - -Clonus is typically seen in patients with stroke, multiple sclerosis,
spinal cord damage and hepatic encephalopathy.
Clonus has also appeared after ingesting potent serotonergic drugs, where
ingestion strongly predicts imminent serotonin toxicity (serotonin syndrome).
Clonus is a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and
relaxations.
Clonus is a sign of certain neurological conditions, particularly associated
with upper motor neuron lesions involving descending motor pathways, and
in many cases is, accompanied by spasticity (another form of
hyperexcitability).Unlike small, spontaneous twitches known as fasciculations
(usually caused by lower motor neuron pathology), clonus causes large
motions that are usually initiated by a reflex.
-A rare but serious adverse effect of ACE inhibitors is: - -Angioedema
-A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is a - -Dry cough(10%)
-1st line drug to tx htn in DM & pts w mild renal dz bc of their renal
protective properties: - -ACE inhibitors or ARBS
-Penicillin: - -Amoxicillin(broad-spectrum PCN) Penicillin VK
-Macrolide: - -Erythromycin, azithromycin(Z-Pack), or clarithromycin(Biaxin)
-Cephalosporins: - -1st generation(Keflex), 2nd generation(Cefaclor, Ceftin,
Cefzil)3rd generation(Rocephin, Suprax, Omnicef)
-Quinolones w gram positive coverage: - -Levofloxacin(Levaquin),
moxifloxacin(Avelox), gatifloxacin(Tequin)
-Quinolones: - -Ciprofloxacin(Cipro), ofloxacin(Floxin)
-Sulfa: - -Trimethoprim/sulfamethazole(Bactrim, Septra),
nitrofurantoin(Macrobid),
-Tetracyclines: - -Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline(Minocin)
-NSAID: - -Ibuprofen, naproxen(aleve, Anaprox)
-Cox-2 inhibitors: - -Celecoxib (celebrex)
,-Antitussives: - -Dextromorphan(Robitussin), benzonate(Tessalon Perles)
-Drugs allowed for pregnant or lactating women: - -Category B
-Pregnancy in pain: - -Tylenol instead of Ibuprofen
-Avoid nitrofurantoin & sulfa drugs during 3rd trimester: - -Increase the risk
of hyperbilirubinemia
-Best way method of spreading viruses or bacteria: - -Making them airborne
or nebulized
-Tx cutaneous anthrax: - -Ciprofloxacin 500mg orally BID for 60 days or 8
weeks. If pt allergic to ciprofloxacin , use doxycycline 100mg BID
-Good communication rules: - -Ask open ended questions, do not reassure
patients, avoid angering the patient, and respect the patients culture.
-Primary vs secondary: - -"Will performing this action prevent the disease or
the social condition from happening? If it does, then it is considered as
primary prevention(if it doesn, then it is secondary)
-Breast self exam and genital self exam: - -Considered secondary
prevention
-Tertiary prevention: - -Involves not only rehabilitation, but also includes
actiivities that will help to prevent complications from disease treatment,
such as patient education about medication side effects or the proper use of
equipment such as cane. Support groups for a disease /condition are all
considered as part of a tertiary prevention activity.
-Primary prevention: - -(Prevent disease.injury/condition)-youth violence
prevention, bullying prevention, presonal safety promotion, disease
prevention-immunization, using suncreen, healthy lifestyle promotion,
promotion of OSHA lawas-workplace safety, EPA laws-clean water,
anipollution laws
-Secondary prevention: - -(Detect disease.condition as Early as Possible)
any lab test to screen disease, US preventive Services Task Force-screening
rec-mammograms, PSA, PPD, screening for high risk behaviour-suicide,
depression, personal action to detect cancer
-Tertiary prevention: - -(Limiting Further harm and disability)
All types of rehabilitation-cardiac, pt/ot, speech therapy, addition/drug rehab,
support groups, exercise for an obese person
, -Clue cells: - -Mature squamous epithelial cells with numerous bacteria
noted on the cell borders(bacterial vaginosis)
-Bacterial Vaginosis: - -Has a alkaline pH(vagina normally has an acidic pH
of 4.0) BV is the only vaginal condition with the only alkaline pH for the
exam. BV is not considered an STD(it is imbalance of vaginal bacteria-sex
partner does not need to be treated. The microscopy slide will have very few
WBC and large number clue cells.
-Candida vaginal discharge: - -White in color with a thick and curd like
consistency. it frequently causes redness and itching in the vulvovagina due
to inflammation
-Microscopy in candidiasis: - -Will show a large number of WBC,
pseudohyphae, and spores(saghetti and meatballs)
-Candida yeast: - -Normal flora of gastrointestinal tract and in some
womens vaginas
-Trichomonas infection: - -Vaginal discharge is copious, bubbly, and green
in color. It causes a lot of inflammation resulting in itching and redness of the
vulvvagina. It is considered a sexually transmitted infection. The sex partner
needs treatment.
-Gold standard of diagnosis for BV, candida vaginitis, and trichomoniasis for
the exam: - -Microscopy is the gold standard.
-Tx for strep throat: - -Penicillin VK PO for 10 days. If pt is PCN allergy,
macrolides can be used instead.
-Mortality: - -Most common cause of death
-Prevalence: - -Most common cause of a certain disease in a population
-Torus palatinus: - -Is a benign growth of bone(an exostosis) located midline
on the hard palate and covered with normal oral skin. It is painless and does
not interfere with function.
-Geographic tongue: - -Has multiple fissures and irrecgular smoother areas
on its surface that makes it look like a topographic map. The paitent may
complain of soreness on the tongue after eating or drinking acidic or hot
foods
-Leukoplakia: - -Benign variant. It appears as a slow growing white plaque
that has a firm to hard surface that is slightly raised on the tongue or inside
the mouth. It is considered a precancerous lesion. It is due to chrnoic
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