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Summary GCSE AQA Physics revision mindmaps
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In-depth and detailed GCSE AQA Physics mindmaps. Includes all topics 1-8.
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EfficiencyEnergy stores and systems
o The efficiency of an energy transfer is a unitless number
o a system is an object or group of objects
that describes the proportion of energy that is transferred
o Energy stored in a system can take Energy resources
to a useful form
numerous forms o Energy resources are use
o Efficiency can be increased by reducing energy losses and
o Kinetic, thermal, electric, chemical, nuclear, heating and electricity g
recycling waste output
gravitational potential, elastic potential, o Most forms of transport
o Reducing the effects of friction through lubrication,
magnetic potential planes are designed to r
reducing heat loss through insulation or reducing the effect
o Changes that occur in a system will change o Some cars and trains can
of air resistance through streamlining will reduce the
how the energy is stored in it instead
energy dissipated to the surroundings
o A renewable energy reso
Power be replenished as it is us
o Power is the rate at which energy is Non-renewable
transferred at or at which work is done o Fossil fuels (coal, oil, nat
Physics 1
energy found undergrou
Conservation and dissipation of of years to form. They ca
transport, heating and e
energy
o Nuclear power is the pro
o Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
nuclear energy in uraniu
only transferred
can be used for electricit
o Dissipated or wasted energy is the energy
that has transferred into a form that isn’t Renewable
useful Energy and the environment o Biofuel - energy gained f
o Fossil fuels will eventually run out products
Heat losses can often be reduced
o A nuclear power plant can generate more energy than a fossil fuel power o Wind - energy generated
using thermal insulation wind turbine
o Thermal conductivity is the rate at which station
o The burning of fossil fuels causes carbon dioxide to be released into the o Hydro electricity - energ
heat energy is transferred through a water flowing downhill
material environment, contributing to global warming
o Nuclear power produces no pollutant gases, but it does produce o Geothermal - energy gen
o Insulators have very low thermal inside the earth
conductivities radioactive nuclear waste, which needs to be stored safely
o Coal will also release sulphur dioxide when burned, causing acid rain o Tidal - energy generated
Ways of reducing energy loss through a turbine as tide
o Power stations can have a negative impact on the area they are
o Buildings use thick, insulating walls and o Solar - energy gained fro
constructed
double glazed windows to keep heat the use of solar panels
o Biofuels are carbon neutral
inside o Wave - energy gained fro
o wind turbines can be loud and harmful to birds
o Cars are streamlined to reduce heat loss flowing through a turbin
o Hydro electric dams will cause a new lake to form behind them,
to air resistance
destroying habitats and forcing people to move homes
o Oil in a motor to reduce friction that
o Renewable energy resources like wind and solar are weather dependant
causes energy loss through heat
, Electric charge and current Potential difference and resistance AC and DC potential difference Types of resistor
o Electrical charge is an intrinsic property of o Potential difference is the measure of the o A direct potential difference provides a o The current through an o
particles electrical work done to move charge direct current, which always flows in the directly proportional to t
o Opposite charges will attract while like carriers through the circuit, it is measured same direction difference across the res
charges repel in volts o An alternating potential difference causes resistance remains cons
o Charge is measured in coulombs (C) o Resistance is a measure of how difficult it an alternating current, that constantly changes
o An electric current is the flow of electrical is to form a current for a particular changes direction o The resistance of compo
charge potential difference o The number of times the current changes diodes, thermistors and
o In circuits, this is the flow of free electrons in o The greater the resistance the smaller the direction is called frequency it changes with the curre
wires and components current for a given potential difference o Mains electricity is AC with a frequency of component
o The current will be the same at point in a across a component 50Hz and is about 230V o The resistance of a filam
single closed loop the temperature of the f
series circuits o The current through a di
direction only, the diode
o Same current through each component
resistance in reverse dire
o Potential difference is divided between components
o The total resistance of two components is the sum
Physics 2
Three core cables
of the resistance of each component
o The live wire (brown) ca
Parallel circuits potential difference of 2
o Same potential difference across each component supply
o Current is shared between the branches o The neutral wire (blue) c
o The total resistance of two components will be less with a potential differen
than that of the smaller of their resistances o The earth wire (green) is
o Connecting resistors in parallel will reduce the total carries current in case of
resistance of the circuit and increase the total potential difference of 0
current flowing
The national grid
Energy transfers in everyday appliances o it is a system of cables and transformers linking Static electricity
o Batteries move electrons around the circuit power stations to consumers o Insulating materials rub
transferring the chemical energy in the battery o Electrical power is transferred from power stations electrically charged, neg
to electrical energy in the circuit as electrons to consumers using the national grid electrons are rubbed off
will collide with atoms in a resistor, causing o Step up transformers increase the potential other meaning the mate
electrical energy to be transferred to thermal difference from the power stations to transmission electron becomes negat
energy as the resistor becomes hot cables material that loses an el
o Kettles transfer energy to heat water o Step down transformers are used to decrease the positively charged mean
o Motors transfer energy to kinetic energy for potential difference for domestic use are brought close to eac
rotation attract and exert a force
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