NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology 2024/2025.
How does blood flow through the heart?
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated ...
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology 2024/2025.
How does blood flow through the heart?
Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R.
Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be
Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction)
→ Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole?
Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole
Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound?
closing of the heart valves
What produces S1?
The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound?
The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output?
the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per minute
What is stroke volume?
amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with contraction
What determines cardiac output?
stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload?
the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic
pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload?
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility?
Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of
preload/afterload
, Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume?
Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility?
Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy
What can cause increase afterload?
HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to the aortic valve
What has the most immediate effect on afterload?
HTN
Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload?
Decreased volume of blood creates less resistance
What does increased preload do to stroke volume?
Increases stroke volume, over time the body will be unable to compensate however
What can cause a decreased preload?
Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything that causes reduced blood volume
What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale?
Right (AKA Right sided HF)
What is cor-pulmonale?
is defined as right ventricular hypertrophy with eventual RV failure resulting from pulmonary HTN,
secondary to pulmonary disease. Causes dilation (stretching) of the right ventricle causes a back up of
blood flow, and hypertrophy of cardiac cells
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ACADEMICAIDSTORE. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
