How does the Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines the mission of public health? - Correct Answer-As "fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy". What are the 10 Essential Public Health Services (ES)? - Correct Answer-1. Monitor health 2. Diagnose and investigate 3. Inform, educate, and empower 4. Mobilize community partnerships 5. Develop policies and plans 6. Enforce laws and regulations 7. Link people to needed personal health services 8. Assure a competent workforce 9. Evaluate 10. Research What are three forces that may help shape the future of the environmental health profession? - Correct Answer-1. Climate change and resulting ecosystem changes and natural disasters 2. Population growth and the global rise in standard of living resulting in faster deterioration of the natural environment 3. Novel or pharmaceutical-resistant pathogens What does AREC stand for? - Correct Answer-anticipation, recognition, evaluation, control Compliance and enforcement intervention strategies can be divided into what two groups? - Correct Answer-1. Those designed to achieve immediate on-site correction. 2. Those designed to achieve long-term compliance. What is a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)? - Correct Answer-A standard operation procedure (SOP) is a written process that provides consistent guidance to employees within an organization as to how they should properly complete a given task in a uniform manner. It provides detailed steps and details the tools necessary to complete the task. What is Malfeasance? - Correct Answer-The doing of an act that is wrongful and that is known to be wholly unauthorized by the official. NEHA/REHS Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified 2024/2025 | Graded What is Misfeasance? - Correct Answer-The doing of an authorized act in an unauthorized manner. What is Nonfeasance? - Correct Answer-The failure to perform an official duty without sufficient excuse. What are the two main types of epidemiological studies that can be used in an epidemiological investigation? - Correct Answer-Descriptive and Analytical. Active Immunity - Correct Answer-Results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease. Active immunity can be acquired through natural immunity or vaccine-induced immunity Passive Immunity - Correct Answer-When a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system. Agent (biology/epi) - Correct Answer-A factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. Mode of Transmission - Correct Answer-The manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host. Carrier - Correct Answer-A person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. A carrier can be asymptomatic (never indicate signs of the disease) or can display signs of the disease only during the incubation period, convalescence, or postconvalescence. The period of being a carrier can be short (a transient carrier) or long (a chronic carrier). Morbidity - Correct Answer-(disease) Any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological health and well-being. Mortality - Correct Answer-Death Demographic Information - Correct Answer-Personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. Pandemic - Correct Answer-An epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the population. Endemic - Correct Answer-The constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. Epidemic - Correct Answer-The occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a particular period. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. Frequency - Correct Answer-The amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. Portal of Entry - Correct Answer-A pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. Prevalence - Correct Answer-The number or proportion of cases or events or attributes among a given population. Host - Correct Answer-A person or other living organism that is susceptible to or harbors an infectious agent under natural conditions. Reservoir - Correct Answer-The habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies, which can include humans, animals, or the environment. Descriptive Epidemiology - Correct Answer-The aspect of epidemiology concerned with organizing and summarizing data regarding the persons affected (e.g., the characteristics of those who became ill), time (e.g., when they become ill), and place (e.g., where they might have been exposed to the cause of illness). Applied Epidemiology - Correct Answer-The application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. Lag Phase - Correct Answer-The period of time between the introduction of a microorganism into a culture medium and the time it begins to increase exponentially Physical factors - Correct Answer-Examples include geology and climate, harmful substances, such as air pollution or proximity to toxic sites (the focus of classic environmental epidemiology); access to various health-related resources (e.g., healthy or unhealthy foods, recreational resources, medical care); and community design and the "built environment" (e.g., land use mix, street connectivity, transportation systems). Log phase (growth phase) - Correct Answer-The period of growth of a population of cells (as of a microorganism) in a culture medium during which numbers increase exponentially and which is represented by a part of the growth curve that is a straight line segment if the logarithm of numbers is plotted against time Equal Protection - Correct Answer-A right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights requiring the comparable treatment of people and situations. It guides governmental actions in not burdening or benefiting people differentially without reasonable grounds.
