NYSTCE ESOL CST (116) questions with correct
answers
1). Intonation
Ans: the way the voice rises and falls in speech
2). Morpheme
Ans: the smallest unit of meaning in a language
3). Abraham maslow
Ans: developed hierarchy of needs, which theorized to be the unconscious desires
that motivate people
4). Subordinating conjunction
Ans: joins a dependent clause to an independent clause to which it is related
5). Voiceless sounds
Ans: sounds made without vibrating the vocal cords
6). Howard gardner
Ans: created the theory of multiple intelligences; proposed that using a person's area
of giftedness to demonstrate intellect will help learners achieve their potential
7). Independent (or main) clause
Ans: a clause that can stand alone as it's own sequence
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, 8). One-word stage
Ans: stage of language acquisition; characterized by a child's use of a single word to
convey a full meaning
9). Humor stage
Ans: stage of acculturation; when students start to come to terms with their
circumstances and move toward acceptance of their new culture
10). Sife
Ans: Students with Interrupted Formal Education
11). Labial consonant sound
Ans: sound produced by the top and bottom lips coming together (m)
12). Gerund phrase
Ans: phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and act as nouns)
13). Connotation
Ans: the emotional association of a word
14). Helping verb
Ans: verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred)
15). Woodcock-muñoz language survey
Ans: an individually administered assessment that measures cognitive aspects of
language proficiency in the form of vocabulary usage, verbal analogies, and letter-word
identification
16). Audio-lingual method (alm)
Ans: an oral-based approach to language instruction developed by linguists and
behavior psychologists; teaches the target language through repetition
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, 17). Phonetics
Ans: the study of the production of sounds in speech
18). Silent way
Ans: teaching method based on the idea that language learning should be much like
problem-solving and discovery learning; teachers are as silent as possible during
lessons in order to promote student participation and experimentation and to
concentrate on learning over teaching
19). Dependent (or subordinate) clause
Ans: a clause that cannot stand alone as its own sentence
20). Inferential item
Ans: a piece of information that requires the test taker to read between the lines in
order to determine what an author is implying
21). Communicative competence
Ans: the ability to speak a language both appropriately in a social context as well as
correctly in terms of rules and structure
22). Two-word stage
Ans: stage of language acquisition; children begin to learn words and use word
combinations
23). Early stage of literacy development
Ans: characterized by the learner's use of multiple strategies to predict and
understand words
24). Intermediate fluency
Ans: fourth stage of second-language acquisition; learners have acquired a
vocabulary of about 6,000 words and are able to speak in more complex sentences and
correct many of their own errors
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, 25). Free morpheme
Ans: a morpheme that can stand on its own
26). Literal item
Ans: information that refers directly back to the content of the reading material where
the answer is defined word by word
27). Monitor hypothesis
Ans: knowledge that is gained through formal learning that can be used to monitor
speech but is not useful in spontaneous speech
28). Validity
Ans: indicated how well an assessment measures what it is intended to measure; a
test is not considered valid if it is not reliable
29). Scaffold
Ans: the support that allows a child to work above their independent level and is
gradually removed as the learner gains mastery
30). Positive behavioral support
Ans: a social learning approach that assumes all persistent behavior choices are
logical, so a persistent misbehavior must serve some purpose
31). Cognitive academic language proficiency (calp)
Ans: language needed for academic work and study
32). Natural order hypothesis
Ans: one of the five hypotheses of the monitor model; posits that language is attained
in a foreseeable pattern by all learners
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