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ARDMS Abdomen Ultrasound Registry Review 2024/2025 (100% verified) A+ grade assured
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ARDMS Abdomen Ultrasound Registry Review 2024/2025 (100% verified) A+ grade assured
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ARDMS Abdomen Ultrasound RegistryReview
How many segments does the Couinaud system divide the liver into? - ANSEight surgical
segments
What divides the right lobe of the liver into an anterior and posterior segment? - ANSRight
hepatic vein
What vessel separates the right and left lobe? Where does it lie (fissure)? - ANSMiddle hepatic
vein, which lies in the main lobar fissure
LLL is divided into medial and lateral segments by: - ANSLeft hepatic vein
The caudate lobe is separated from the LLL by which ligament? - ANSligamentum venosum
Main portal vein is created by the merging of which two vessels? What is this area referred to
as? - ANSSuperior mesenteric vein and splenic vein. Known as the splenic portal confluence
What is the name of the capsule surrounding the liver? - ANSGlisson capsule
Normal AP measurement of the MPV? - ANS13mm or less
What is an enlarged (>13mm) portal vein signify? - ANSPortal hypertension
Normal MPV flow? - ANSHepatopetal and monophasic w/ some respiratory variation
Where do the hepatic veins drain? - ANSIVC
These veins are considered both interlobar and intersegmental - ANShepatic veins. They are
located between the segments and the lobes
normal hepatic vein flow - ANS-Hepatofugal - away from liver
-pulsatile, triphasic due to right atrial pressure changes
-respiratory variation
Narrowing or occlusion of the hepatic veins is indicative of: - ANSBudd-Chiari syndrome
The liver hilum is also know as - ANSThe porta hepatis
,flow pattern of the hepatic artery should be - ANSlow resistance since it is feeding the liver
After birth the umbilical vein becomes - ANSligamentum teres aka round ligament
-runs along with the falciform ligament
-will usually be seen near left portal vein in left liver
Where can the main lobar fissure be seen? - ANS-in sag plane
-will appear to connect the neck of the GB with the RPV
-also separates right and left hepatic veins
hepatic steatosis - ANSfatty liver
Causes of fatty liver disease - ANSFatty deposits within the hepatocytes.
Once it becomes cirrhosis, it is non-reversible.
1. Alcoholic fatty liver disease
2. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:
-obesity
-starvation
-chemotherapy
-diabetes mellitus
-hyperlipidemia
-pregnancy
-von Gierke disease (glycogen storage dx)
-total parental nutrition
-cystic fibrosis
steatohepatitis - ANSinflammation of the liver associated with fat
precursor for chronic liver dx leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC
hepatomegaly size - ANS>15cm
need to correlate with clinical hx
don't confused Riedel's lobe as hepatomegaly
Fatty liver symptoms and labs - ANSSymptoms:
-usually asymptomatic
Labs:
-Increased LFTs (especially AST and ALT)
, Sono appearance of fatty liver dx and focal fatty infiltration - ANS-Diffusely echogenic liver
-Increased attenuation of sound beam
-Walls of hepatic vasculature and diaphragm will not be easily imaged due to increased
attenuation
-Fatty changes will be diffuse or focal
Focal fatty infiltration sono app:
-hyperechoic area next to the GB, near the porta hep, or part of lobe may appear echogenic
Focal fatty sparing sonographic appearance - ANS-entire liver is involved with diffuse fatty
infiltration with certain areas spared
-Area of sparing can look like a solid hypoechoic mass
-Hypoechoic area will be near GB, porta hep, or entire lobe may be spared
-Can appear to look like pericholecystic fluid
Two most common types of hepatitis: - ANSA and B
A: Fecal-oral route: contaminated water or food
B: Contact with body fluids, mother-to-infant transmission, blood contact (IV drugs)
Most common type of hepatitis in healthcare workers - ANSHep C
-Spread by blood and body fluid contact
Which type of hepatitis is the leading indication for liver transplantation in US? - ANSHepatitis C
Wilson disease
Hemochromatosis
Autoimmune disorders
Drugs
All of the above can be causes for chronic ________ of the liver - ANSHepatitis
What is Wilson disease? - ANS-An inherited disorder that causes too much copper to
accumulate in the liver, brain and other vital organs.
-Also called hepatolenticular degeneration.
-Causes fatty changes & fibrosis in the liver. Leads to chronic hepatitis
Trademark feature: Copper ring around iris
What is hemochromatosis? - ANSIron overload disease resulting in abnormal deposition of iron
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