GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK GARP SUSTAINA
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GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK GARP SUSTAINA
GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK
FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE|
VERIFIED AND ACCURATE FOR GUARANTEED
PASS| A GRADED
GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK
FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE|
VERIFIED AND ACCURATE FOR GUARANTEED
PASS| A GRADED
garp sustainability and climate risk final exam 20
climate risk final exam 20
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GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK GARP SUSTAINA
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GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK
FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE|
VERIFIED AND ACCURATE FOR GUARANTEED
PASS| A GRADED
for how many years do we have observational history of temperature
change? - ANSWER--150 years
how much has the earth warmed since 1860, according to satellite
thermometers? - ANSWER--1.1 C
how has the warming that has occurred in the last 150 years been
distributed across the planet? - ANSWER--land has warmed more
than ocean; northern hemisphere warmed more than tropics or
southern hemisphere
% of population that lives in the northern hemisphere - ANSWER--85%
what are two pieces of indirect evidence that our planet is warming? -
ANSWER--1 = ice on the planet is disappearing
2 = the oceans are warming
% of heat trapped by GHG that goes into heating the oceans -
ANSWER--93%
what are the two causes of rising sea levels? - ANSWER--1 = melting
of grounded ice
2 = water expands when it warms
five ways to extract climate information pre-modern measurements -
ANSWER--1 = tree rings
2 = corals
3 = speleothems
4 = ice cores
5 = ocean sediment cores
, GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK
FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE|
VERIFIED AND ACCURATE FOR GUARANTEED
PASS| A GRADED
tree rings - ANSWER--reveal climate variations in regions where
trees grow and experience seasons for the last millennium
corals - ANSWER--analysis of skeletons can yield climate conditions
in ocean over millions of years
speleothems - ANSWER--cave structures can yield estimates of
climate in nearby region over past few 100,000 years
ice cores - ANSWER--measuring chemical composition of ice (mainly
in Greenland and Antarctica) yields estimates of the climate over
the past 1M years
ocean sediment cores - ANSWER--analyzing composition of mud at
the bottom of the ocean provides information about the climate
covering 10M+ years
what evidence do we have that for millions of years the climate has been
generally cooling? - ANSWER--50M years ago, there was no
permanent ice on the planet
what are the periods of cold and warmer called that the planet cycles
through? - ANSWER--ice ages and interglacials
when did the last ice age end? - ANSWER--10,000 years ago
holocene - ANSWER--current interglaciation period, extending from
10,000 years ago to the present on the geologic time scale
, GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK
FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE|
VERIFIED AND ACCURATE FOR GUARANTEED
PASS| A GRADED
when did the temperature of the holocene peak? - ANSWER--7,000
years ago
what is the global average temperature difference between an ice age
and an interglacial? - ANSWER--6 C
how much faster is the average rate of warming over the last century, as
compared to coming out of the last ice age? - ANSWER--16 times
what is the source of the earth's climate? - ANSWER--sun / visible
radiation
how much energy does the sun provide and what % of it is reflected
back into space by clouds? - ANSWER--340 W/m^2
30% reflected back by clouds
what is the amount of energy radiated by an object determined by and
what is the relationship? - ANSWER--temperature
as temperature increases, energy radiation increases
most important rule of the earth's climate - ANSWER--energy reaching
earth from the sun must be equal to the energy the earth radiates
back to space
this determines the temperature of the climate system
greenhouse gases - ANSWER--gases in the atmosphere that absorb
infrared radiation (heat) and reduce the power of the earth to
return energy to space
, GARP SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE RISK
FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 LATEST UPDATE|
VERIFIED AND ACCURATE FOR GUARANTEED
PASS| A GRADED
greenhouse effect - ANSWER--as the mass of GHG in our atmosphere
increases, more heat is trapped, which leads to higher temperatures
list some non-problematic molecules in the atmosphere - ANSWER--
nitrogen, oxygen, inert gas argon
list some problematic molecules in the atmosphere - ANSWER--water
vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone
what is the primary cause of carbon dioxide in the environment and how
has this been scientifically proven? - ANSWER--combustion of fossil
fuels
we can tell by the isotopic composition of the atmosphere that the
majority of the CO2 is consistent with the isotopes produced via fossil
fuel combustion
where does emitted CO2 go? - ANSWER--1/4 is absorbed by the ocean
and leads to acidification
1/4 is absorbed by the land biosphere via enhanced plant growth
1/2 stays in the atmosphere
prior to the industrial revolution, how much CO2 was in the
atmosphere? how much was there in 2020? - ANSWER--pre-industrial
revolution = 280 ppm
2020 = 415 ppm
45% increase
global warming potential - ANSWER--heat-trapping power relative to
carbon dioxide
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