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CRT/RRT Review 2024/2025 (100% verified) A+ grade assured
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CRT/RRT Review 2024/2025 (100% verified) A+ grade assured
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CRT/RRT ReviewFour Life Functions - ANSVentilation, Oxygenation, Circulation, and Perfusion
Vital signs for Ventilation (Life Function) - ANSRR, Vt, chest movement, breath sounds,
PaCO2, EtCO2
Vital signs for Oxygenation (Life function) - ANSHeart rate, color, sensorium, PaO2, and
SpO2
Vital Signs for Circulation (Life function) - ANSHeart rate, strength, and cardiac output
Vital Signs for Perfusion (Life Function) - ANSBlood pressure, sensorium, temperature, urine
output, and hemodynamics
Which life function most often is a problem? - ANSOxygenation
Sensorium - ANSLevel of the patient's consciousness
Signs are what type of information? - ANSObjective
Symptoms are what type of information? - ANSSubjective
Pack years equation - ANSPack Years = # of packs/day X # of years smoked
Patient's with end-stage diseases or illnesses should have what kind of document? -
ANSAdvance Directives
What is the normal urine output? - ANS40 mL/hr (1 L/day)
Sensible water loss - ANSUrine or vomiting
Insensible water loss - ANSLungs (inspiration) and skin (perspiration)
Intake>Output results in: - ANS-Weight gain
-Electrolyte imbalance
-Increase hemodynamic pressures
-Decrease lung compliance
Changes in CVP can indicated changes in what? - ANSFluid balance
Normal CVP value - ANS2-6 mmHg
Decreased CVP (<2) indicates what? Recommendation? - ANSHypovolemia and
recommend fluid therapy
,Increased CVP (>6) indicates what? Recommendation? - ANSHypervolemia and
recommend diuretics
Normal level of consciousness - ANSAlert and responsive
Lethargic, somnolent, sleepy - ANSSleep apnea or excessive O2 in COPD'ers
Stuporous/confused - ANSDrug overdose, inappropriate responses, or intoxication
Semicomatose - ANSresponse only to painful stimuli
Obtunded - ANSDecreased cough or gag reflex due to drowsy state
Coma - ANSNo response to stimuli
Anxiety/nervous - ANSRespiratory distress or hypoxemia
Anger, combative, irritable - ANSElectrolyte imbalance
Euphoria - ANSDrug overdose
Panic - ANSSevere hypoxemia, tension pneumothorax, status asthmaticus
Orthopnea - ANSDifficulty breathing except in upright position
Orthopnea is found in what type of patients and what would you recommend? - ANSCHF,
recommend cardiac testing
General Malaise - ANSRun down feeling, nausea, weakness, fatigue, headache
General Malaise is found in patients with what and what would you recommend? -
ANSElectrolyte imbalance, recommend testing electrolytes
Dyspnea - ANSFeeling shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Dysphagia - ANSDifficulty swallowing
Peripheral Edema - ANSSwelling in the periphery
Pitting edema - ANSPresence of excessive fluid in the tissue
Where does peripheral edema typically occur? - ANSArms and ankles
What causes peripheral edema? - ANSCHF and renal failure
Recommendation for peripheral edema - ANSDiuretic therapy
, Ascites - ANSAccumulation of fluid in the abdomen
What causes ascites? - ANSLiver failure
Clubbing of fingers - ANSPresence of increased angle of the nail bed and skin.
What causes clubbing of fingers? - ANSChronic hypoxemia
What does clubbing of fingers suggest? - ANSPulmonary Disease
We do not want to give to much what if a patient has clubbing? - ANSTo much O2; it knocks
out their drive to breathe
Venous distention - ANSIncreased venous distention and jugular venous distention
When is venous distention occur and seen? - ANSOccurs with CHF and it's seen during
exhalation in patients with obstructive lung disease
Capillary refill - ANSBlanching of the hand and watching for color to return
What does a capillary refill indicate? - ANSGood or bad peripheral circulation
Capillary refill time is how long? - ANS3 seconds
Diaphoresis - ANSA state of heavy/profuse sweating
Diaphoresis can indicate what? Recommendations for each. - ANSHeart failure -diuretics,
inotropic agents
Fever, infection - antibiotics
Anxiety, nervousness - sedatives
Tuberculosis/night sweats - antitubercular drugs
Ashen/pallor skin indicates: - ANSAnemia or acute blood loss (vasoconstriction)
Jaundice - ANSYellow, Increased bilirubin level in blood and tissue
Erythemia - ANSRedness of skin, because of capillary congestion, inflammation, or infection
Cyanosis - ANSBlue or grey, caused by hypoxia from increased amount of reduced
hemoglobin
Normal A-P diameter - ANSStraight spine, no kyphosis or scoliosis
Pectus Carinatum - ANSAnterior protrusion of the sternum
Pectus Excavatum - ANSDepression of part of or the entire sternum
Kyphosis - ANSConvex curvature of spine (leaning forward or humpback)
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