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NSG 6020 Midterm 2024/2025 ( 100% verified ) A+ grade assured
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NSG 6020 Midterm 2024/2025 ( 100% verified ) A+ grade assured
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NSG 6020 MidtermWhat age does bronchiolitis occur? - ANSmost common at age 6 months- does not occur
after age 2
main symptom of bronchiolitis - ANSwheezing-lasts about 7 days
most common cause of bronchiolitis - ANSRSV
Treatment for bronchiolitis - ANSNo specific treatment
Order of lung exam - ANSinspect, palpate, percuss, auscultate
Pectus Excavatum - ANScongenital posterior displacement of lower aspect of sternum
-hollowed-out appearance
-concave appearance of lower sternum
Pectus carinatum - ANSat birth
-post CABG
mid childhood and 11-14 year old pubertal males undergoing a growth spurt
-convex deformity
-97% have MVP
Barrel Chest - ANSassociated with emphysema and lung hyperinflation
-accompanying x-ray demonstrates increased ant-post diameter as well as diaphragmatic
flattening
Tactile fremitus - ANSpalpable vibrations of the bronchiopulmonary tree as the patient is
speaking (99 or 1-2-3)
-impeded in COPD, pulm effusion or pneumothorax
-increased in consolidation and PNA
percussion:
flatness - ANS(thigh)
Large Pleural effusion
Percussion- dullness - ANS(liver)
Lobar PNA
Percussion: resonance - ANS(Lung)
simple chronic bronchitis
Percussion: hyperresonance - ANSNone
-emphysema, pneumothorax
, Percussion: tympany - ANS(gastric bubble)
-large pneumothorax
Auscultation: vesicular - ANSsoft and low pitched; usually heard over most of both lungs
Auscultation: bronchial - ANSlouder and higher in pitch; usually heard over the manubrium
Auscultation: bronchovesicular - ANSintermediate intensity and pitch; usually heard over the
1st and 2nd interspaces
Auscultation: tracheal - ANSover the trachea and neck, very loud
Rhonchi - ANSlow-pitched snore-like sounds, often characterized by secretions w/in the
large airways
-sometimes cleared with a cough
Wheezes - ANScontinuous, high-pitched, musical, sounds that are produced by air flowing
through narrowed bronchi
-predominately expiratory
stridor - ANSloud, rough, continuous, high-pitched sound that is pronounced during
inspiration
-indicates proximal airway obstruction
absent/attenuated sounds - ANSNO airflow to the region being auscultated
-can occur in a pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, or parenchymal consolidation
Crackles - ANSintermittent, nonmusical, very brief, more pronounced during inspiration
-fine or course
fine (softer, higher in pitch)
course (louder, lower in pitch)
Bronchophony - ANSask pt to say "99"
-should be muffled and indistinct
-CLEAR sounds are called bronchophony
Egophony - ANSask pt to say "ee"
-you should hear a muffled long ee sound
-"ee" sounds like "ay" it is positive and called egophony
-present over consolidation
whispered pectoriloquy - ANSask pt to say "99 or 1-2-3"
-whispered voice is normally faint and indistinct
-louder, clearer sounds are called whispered pectriloquy- heard over consolidation
Pleural effusion
-fremitus, percussion, whispered pectoriloquy, breath sounds - ANSfrem= decreased
perc=dull
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