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, Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
You must have: Total Marks
Resource Booklet (enclosed)
Calculator, ruler
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions in Section A, and Section C.
Answer either Question 2 or Question 3 in Section B.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 105.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
, SECTION A
Tectonic Processes and Hazards
Answer ALL questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
You must use the Resource Booklet provided.
1 Study Figure 1 below.
The data was collected to investigate whether there was a significant relationship
between the population living within 5km of a volcanic location and the years since
the last eruption, at 10 selected locations.
Volcanic location Population Rank Years Rank d d2
within since last
5km, in eruption
millions
Michoacán-Guanajuato 5.8 1 70 8 −7 49
Tatun Volcanic Group 5.1 2 1374 1 1 1
Campi Flegrei 2.2 3 484 4 −1 1
Ilopango 2.0 4 142 5 −1 1
Hainan Volcanic Field 1.7 5 89 7 −2 4
San Pablo Volcanic Field 1.3 6.5 672 2 4.5 20.25
Ghegham Volcanic Ridge 1.3 6.5 122 6 0.5 0.25
Dieng Volcanic Complex 1.1 8 1 9.5 −1.5 2.25
Auckland Volcanic Field 1.0 9.5 576 3 6.5 42.25
Masaya 1.0 9.5 1 9.5 0 0
Σd2
Figure 1
The population living within 5km of a volcanic location and the years since
the last eruption, at 10 selected locations.
2
, (a) (i) Calculate Σd2.
(1)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Σd2 = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The formula for Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient value rs is given below.
In this data set n = 10.
6
d2
rs 1
n3
n
Calculate the value of rs, to two decimal places, for the data given.
You must show your working.
(2)
rs = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) The tables below show the two hypotheses that are being tested and the
critical values of Spearman’s rank rs when n = 10.
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between the number of people
living within 5km of a volcanic location and the years since the last eruption.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between the number of
people living within 5km of a volcanic location and the years since the last eruption.
Confidence level 0.10 (90%) 0.05 (95%) 0.01 (99%)
Critical value 0.44 0.56 0.73
Using the Spearman’s rank correlation rs value calculated in (a)(ii), state which
hypothesis can be accepted.
(1)
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