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GGH3704EXAM PACK Revision PACK Questions. Answers 2024.pdf
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[Date] GGH3704EXAMPACKRevision
PACK Questions.
Answers 2024
[Document subtitle]
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,GGH3704 EXAM PACK Revision
PACK Questions. Answers 2024
Question 1
his question requires an elaboration and application of the Trigger factors that were part
of Assignment 1. It is stated that Detroit's economy was based on car manufacturing. For
two reasons it became troublesome. In the first case, globalistion resulted in a more
global distribution of car manufacturing - for example, Mercedes (original a German car) is
now assembled in other countries such as the UK. A very large assembly plant of
Volkswagen is now located in Poland. The second reason is that China dumped a large
volume of steel in the USA, the USA steel industry suffered, and recently the USA raised
the import tax of (Chinese) steel to the USA.
The consequences were that the car manufacturing industry in Detroit collapsed, many
people left the city and it became a 'Doughnut' city. Likewise, Johannesburg was originally
based on the gold industry. This is no longer the case, it is now a commercial city and in
the African context a glob al city. Thus, Detroit is struggling to adapt to the change in its
economic base.
Johannesburg successfully changed its main function. In both cases other changing trigger
factors now also play a role, such as demographic change, cultural change, etc.
A few points about this question:
(1) Formative assessment (the assignments) is largely based on information provide in
the study material. Summative assessment (the examination questions) requires the
application of the study material on real world issues.
(2) It requires you to think further.
(3) the reason why I provided you with the ten questions is to guide you so that the
questions in the examination paper do not come as a surprise.
(4) Share your views. On some questions fellow students have already provided good
advise.
, Question 2
Globalisation has had profound effects on cities and urban systems of cities
because of the close interaction between global and local forces … The
process and its outcomes involve uneven development both within and
among cities” (Knox and McCarthy (2014:26).
2.1 Critically explain the ‘gobalisation of cities’ as a process (13)
2.2 Moreover, explain with examples how dynamics at the global-local nexus
resulted in (a) World cities, (b) Smart cities, (c) Resilient cities and (d)
Doughnut cities. (12)
2.1.
• Globalisation involves the emergence of a global culture and a loss of local
cultural identities.
• Globalisation involves the interconnectedness of the world, including cities and
urban spaces. Information age has been a major contributor to this, especially
telecommunications.
• Resources are shared on a global level and this has allowed cities to
compete on a global level.
• This led to the emergence of global cities that are key players in the world
financial system.
• All urban centers are now global because they are all affected by events and
decisions outside of their boundaries.
• For example, a recession in USA will affect European cities and a loss of
investors and amount of capital to be invested.
• However, it has allowed a specific group of people access to resources while
other have non, leading to uneven development.
• Decrease in manufacturing after Fordism led to the spatial restructuring of cities.
These cities find innovative ways to attract economic resources, such as
establishing themselves as cultural industries via arts, entertainment, heritage,
etc.
• This allows individual cultures and cities to survive in a homologous world culture.
• The issue with this is, however, that it leads to the commercialisation of
cultures and exploitation.
2.2.
(a) World cities – Globalisation led to the increase in financial services and a global
economy. Some cities, such as financial centers London, became command centers
for corporate and financial control on a global scale. They are characterised by social
polarization and consumption.
(b) Smart cities – Globalisation also comes at a time of improved technology that allows
global communication and shared technology and innovation. A smart city is a city that
uses information and communication technologies to increase operational efficiency,
such as allowing citizens to apply for services online. It shares information with the
public and improve both the quality of government services and citizen welfare.
(c) Resilient cities – Globalisation can create social polarization and unevenness in
development. These create shocks and stresses to cities. A resilient city can deal
with any expected or unexpected problem –political, social, economic or
environmental. For example, Cape Town’s ability to find innovative ways to deal with
its water crisis.
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