UCI BIO 93 FINAL EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
UCI BIO 93
Institution
UCI BIO 93
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - correct answer Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.
Properties of Acids - correct answer Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell c...
UCI BIO 93 FINAL EXAM 2024 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the four most common elements in living matter? - correct answer ✔✔ Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon --make up 96% of all living matter.
Properties of Acids - correct answer ✔✔ Donate H+ to a solution, accept electrons, and have a pH of <7
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle? - correct answer ✔✔ DNA Synthesis
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - correct answer ✔✔ Growth -- cell contents are duplicated.
What happens in the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - correct answer ✔✔ More growth and preparation for division.
What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle? - correct answer ✔✔ Mitosis (and cytokinesis -- division of the cell).
What are the subphases of mitosis? - correct answer ✔✔ Prophase, Pre-metaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
How many checkpoints are there in the cell cycle? - correct answer ✔✔ 3 -- G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and the M checkpoint.
What is a Karyotype? - correct answer ✔✔ A layout of Metaphase chromosomes matched with their homologous pairs.
What is a diploid cell? - correct answer ✔✔ A cell with 46 chromosomes -- somatic cells. What is a haploid cell? - correct answer ✔✔ A cell with 23 chromosomes -- sex cells.
What does the mesoderm give rise to? - correct answer ✔✔ the notochord (similar to a spinal chord).
What does the endoderm give rise to? - correct answer ✔✔ the digestive tract.
What does the ectoderm give rise to? - correct answer ✔✔ the nervous system (brain)/neural plate.
If 2n = 18, how many chromosomes come from the mother? - correct answer ✔✔ 9 -- half from mom and half from dad
Meiosis - correct answer ✔✔ Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to
them.
What two structures does the chiasma connect? - correct answer ✔✔ Non-sister chromatids.
What are the steps of meiosis? - correct answer ✔✔ Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I & cytokinesis (then a second set of phases)
What does meiosis 1 deal with? - correct answer ✔✔ homologous chromosomes.
What happens in prophase 1? - correct answer ✔✔ The chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes cross over, and meiotic spindle forms.
What happens in metaphase 1? - correct answer ✔✔ the pairs of homologous chromosomes are now tightly condensed and coiled and become arranged on the metaphase plate.
What happens in anaphase 1? - correct answer ✔✔ the pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers (microtubules). What happens in Telophase 1 and cytokinesis? - correct answer ✔✔ The homologous chromosome pairs complete their migration to the two poles as a result of the action of the spindle. Now a haploid set of chromosomes is at each pole, with each chromosome still having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms around each chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.
What happens during meiosis 2? - correct answer ✔✔ sister chromatids separate.
What happens in prophase 2 of meiosis? - correct answer ✔✔ A new spindle forms around the chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis? - correct answer ✔✔ Metaphase 2 chromosomes line up at the equator.
What happens in anaphase 2 of meiosis? - correct answer ✔✔ Centromeres divide chromatids move to opposite poles of the cells.
What happens during telophase 2 of meiosis? - correct answer ✔✔ A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm divides.
What makes meiosis a unique form of cell division - correct answer ✔✔ Synapsis and crossing over -- occurs in prophase 1, pairing up of homologous chromosomes, homologous chromosomes cross over and exchange corresponding genetic information (the DNA exchanged contain the same genes, but may have different alleles).
How does meiosis increase genetic variability? - correct answer ✔✔ Independent assortment (meiosis 1 -- homologous chromosomes separate independently), crossing over (genetic recombination, prophase 1), and random fertilization (any egg can join with any sperm -- most effective way to obtain genetic variability).
What is the law of segregation? - correct answer ✔✔ Alleles coding for the same trait separate independently during gamete formation.
What is non-disjunction? - correct answer ✔✔ When homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate properly.
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