Community Health NR442 exam 1 (over 140 Q&A's) Updated Summer 2023.
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Course
NR442
Institution
NR442
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the environment and health?
a. Because of the large number of variables involved, the relationship between environment and health cannot be researched.
b. Because the environment has such long-term effects on health, resear...
which of the following statements best describes t
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Community Health NR442 exam 1 (over 140 Q&A's)
Updated Summer 2023.
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the
environment and health?
a. Because of the large number of variables involved, the relationship between
environment and health cannot be researched.
b. Because the environment has such long-term effects on health, research
findings are not yet available.
c. Research shows that a healthy environment has limited impact on one's health.
d. Research shows that a healthy environment increases quality of life and years
of healthy living.
ANS: D
A healthy environment increases quality of life and years of healthy living. Accumulated
evidence shows that the environmental changes of the past few decades have
profoundly influenced the status of public health. Globally, environmental factors
contribute to nearly 25% of all deaths and increase disease burden (World Health
Organization, 2006). The safety, beauty, and life-sustaining capacity of the physical
environment are unquestionably of global consequence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 250
When using an environmental perspective, which of the following would be the
most important question for a nurse to ask when assessing potential health
problems?
a. "Can you tell me how you have been feeling?"
b. "Can you tell me what you do at work?"
c. "What brings you here today?"
d. "What problems have you been having?"
ANS: B
Because 25% of worldwide preventable illnesses are caused by poor environmental
quality, nurses need to ask critical questions about their clients' work and home
environments to help discern the contributions of specific hazards to their health. This
can be accomplished by an environmental health history. The other responses do not
address a question that would be addressed during an environmental health history.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 250
How does critical theory differ from other nursing theories such as the health
belief model or Orem's self-care deficit theory?
a. Critical theory can be used by professionals other than nurses.
b. Critical theory focuses on oppression and facilitates group action.
c. Critical theory is not directly related to health promotion.
d. Critical theory confronts changing an individual's beliefs.
ANS: B
Critical theory is an approach that raises questions about oppressive situations, involves
community members in the definition and solution of problems, and facilitates group
,interventions. The other two theories focus more on individual beliefs and choice of
action.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 250
Which of the following statements best describe why environmental health is
more challenging than other variables related to an individual's health?
a. Environmental health affects susceptible individuals more than groups.
b. Environmental health demands that individuals be willing to change their
beliefs.
c. Environmental health is dependent on social neighborhoods, as well as
geography.
d. Environmental health requires social, economic, and political changes to
improve.
ANS: D
Intervening to improve environmental conditions requires basic social, economic, and
political changes. Aggregates must work together to create such change. The other
responses do not address the multiple dimensions that must be impacted in order to
impact change within environmental health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 250
Which of the following nursing actions would be the most helpful to the
community's long-term health?
a. Careful assessment, diagnosis, planning, and giving care to individual patients
and their families
b. Dialogue with community members concerning what health issues are of
importance in that community
c. Focusing on family health through school-based neighborhood clinics
d. Helping the community create political change through organization, use of
media, legislative lobbying, and mass demonstrations
ANS: D
The ultimate goal is liberating people from health-damaging environmental conditions by
using collective actions. Mechanisms have included strategic organization, litigation,
public hearing testimony, letter-writing campaigns, legislative lobbying, and mass
demonstrations. Helping the community create political change through organization,
use of media, legislative lobbying, and mass demonstrations shows how collective
action can be applied. The other interventions do not demonstrate the use of collective
action.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 251
Which of the following best explains why it is difficult to get others interested in
environmental health?
a. Environmental problems just are not interesting or dramatic.
b. It's difficult to get media interested.
c. People respond more to an acute crisis than chronic environmental problems.
d. People respond more to an individual asking for help than a community asking
for help.
,ANS: C
People respond to acute crises with dramatic media coverage (such as hurricanes or
earthquakes), but ongoing consistent pressure is needed to ensure day-to-day
environmental integrity. Chronic environmental problems are rarely addressed
effectively.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: pp. 251-252
What would be an appropriate term for intoxicated drivers, secondhand smoke,
urban crowding, noise, and mechanization?
a. Risks of living style
b. Risks in the built environment
c. Personal health risks
d. Modern day health risks
ANS: B
The built environment is the connection between people, communities, and their
surrounding environments that affect health habits and behaviors, interpersonal
relationships, cultural values, and customs. Most people live within areas that require
almost daily contact with potential health risks and threats, such as intoxicated or
impaired drivers, secondhand smoke, urban crowding, noise exposure, unabated traffic,
and the stress of increased mechanization.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 253
What is meant by discriminatory land use?
a. Backlash against companies that do not protect the environment
b. Daily insults to people who live in a particular community
c. Locating industrial hazards in low-income communities
d. Political recognition that companies support a safe environment
ANS: C
Discriminatory land use ensures that many impoverished and marginalized groups,
especially people of color, live in close proximity to industrial contamination. Members of
these communities are at risk for illness and injury. The other responses do not correctly
define discriminatory land use.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 253
It has been learned that a particular industry has vastly polluted the surrounding
neighborhood. Which of the following actions would most likely be taken by
those living in the neighborhood?
a. Band together to shut the industry down
b. Nothing, because of family ties and cost of relocation
c. Immediately move to a different neighborhood
d. Seek legal reimbursement for the hazard exposure
ANS: B
Residents may be unwilling to disrupt family ties and cultural roots to start over
elsewhere, or they may be unable to afford to move. Residents are revictimized by the
difficulty in obtaining compensation. Attempting to shut the industry down, seeking
reimbursement for the hazard exposure, and immediately moving to a different
, neighborhood are all costly interventions and in most cases cannot be easily
accomplished by most residents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 254
Which of the following statements supports why it is believed that the risks of
various employment positions are inaccurate?
a. Companies refuse to share employee injury information.
b. Because factories reimburse employees directly, the injury is not reported.
c. Individuals assume it is a personal problem, not an employment issue.
d. Most employment positions do not have known risks.
ANS: C
Statistics do not reflect unreported health problems. Collective problems related to
employment or occupation are often perceived as individualized injuries, and no one
"connects the dots." Companies are willing to share employee injury information and
recognize the risks of employment, but the information may be inaccurate because of
the perception of individualized injuries.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 254 | p. 256
Why are health care providers concerned over such social issues as mass transit,
clean power, and the farming industry?
a. Because air pollutants are contributors to asthma and other health problems.
b. Clean power would reduce the pollution that results from burning of high-
sulfur coal.
c. Manure runoff from industrial farming is polluting water and killing fish
throughout the United States.
d. Mass transit would remove the problem of so many Americans being killed or
injured by drunken or impaired drivers.
ANS: A
All three (mass transit, clean power, and industry) emit air pollutants, which result in
smog, the most common outdoor air pollutant in the United States. Atmospheric
pollutants cause or contribute to asthma, allergic reactions, bronchitis, lung cancer,
chronic respiratory disease, and death. They also harm animals and plants. The most
inclusive answer refers to air pollutants, although certainly, the others are true in society
today.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: pp. 256-257
Which of the following statements best describes what has happened to air
quality since the United States outlawed the use of chlorofluorocarbons, halons,
and carbon tetrachloride?
a. Air quality immediately improved.
b. Air quality is slowly improving.
c. Little change occurred because these chemicals remain in the atmosphere.
d. Nothing has happened because other countries worldwide continue to
extensively use these products.
ANS: C
These chemicals, which were in widespread use, remain in the atmosphere. Thus, air
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