Indiana Category 6 Industrial Weed Management
Leaves - answerperform photosynthesis (sugar production) and gas exchange
Cuticle - answera protective coating on leaves
Stems - answerprovide support, some photosynthesis, and food storage
Stolons - answerhorizontal stems running on the soil surface
Rhizomes - answerunderground horizontal stems
Roots - answeroffer anchorage, water, and nutrient uptake, and food storage
Xylem - answermoves water and soil nutrients from the roots to the leaves
Pholem - answertransports sugars that are manufactures in the leaves during photosynthesis, primarily downward to the roods
Cambium - answerthe plant tissue responsible for growth
Benefits of vegetation management on rights-of-way - answerto keep weeds clear of signals, signs, crossroads, and other cars; to allow for inspections in ROW's; to minimize fire hazard; to reduce power and communication interruptions; and improve drainage
Grasses - answerplants with narrow, up-right leaves with parallel veins, stems that are hollow and jointed, and fibrous root systems
Broadleaves - answerplants with non-parallel leaf margins and non-parallel leaf veins, with coarse root systems (often with a noticeable tap-root)
Forb - answerbroad-leafed herbaceous plant (doesn't produce persistent woody tissue)
Trees - answerbroadleaf plants that produce persistent, woody tissue on branching, erect stems. This plant usually has a main stem (trunk), and grows more than 10 feet. Brush - answerbroadleaf plants that produce persistent, woody tissue on branching, erect stems. This is a woody plant with multiple stems that grow less than 10 feet high.
Ferns - answerseedless plants that spread by spores and prefer moist soils.
Annual plants - answerplants that complete their life cycle in one year
Biennial plants - answerPlants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons. Best controlled during the first year.
Perennial plants - answerPlants that complete all four growth stages in the first year, then repeat the vegetative, reproductive, and maturity stages for several years following. Best controlled as seedlings.
Simple Perennials - answerspread by seed, and cut root segments
Creeping Perennials - answerspread by stolons, rhizomes, or by seed
Bulbous perennials - answerreproduce from underground bulbs or tubers (they also produce seed)
Weed Growth Stages - answer1. Seedling
2. Vegetative
3. Reproductive
4. Maturity
Seedling - answera young plant that has germinated from the seed and emerged above the soil surface (cuticle is thin here, permits easy management)
Vegetative - answerrapid growth of roots, stems, and leaves (herbicide easily circulates through the plant at this stage)
Reproductive - answera plant that is in the flowering and seed production stage of growth. Growth of the plant is limited during this time.
Maturity - answerlittle to no growth, and if the plant overwinters, nutrients move to roots for storage.
Foxtail - answersummer annual grass
Johnsongrass - answerperennial grass that reproduces by rhizomes and seeds
Common Reed (Phragmites) - answertall perennial grass that can grow to more than 15
feet in height. Spreads by rhizomes and stolons.
Cattail - answerrush that reproduces by seeds and rhizomes
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