100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Secret Intelligence UU Literature Summary $6.62   Add to cart

Summary

Secret Intelligence UU Literature Summary

 49 views  7 purchases
  • Course
  • Institution

This document contains a summary of all mandatory literature in the Secret Intelligence course (GE2V19007) at Utrecht University.

Preview 4 out of 39  pages

  • March 25, 2024
  • 39
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Utrecht University
2023/2024

GE2V19007 Secret Intelligence: achterkant van Internationale
Betrekkingen
Verplichte literatuur samenvatting

- Nummers na zinnen refereren naar paginanummers
- Schuingedrukte zinnen zijn directe quotes uit de literatuur

John Hughes-Wilson, On Intelligence. The History of Espionage and the
Secret World, London: Constable 2016, 3-73

CHAPTER 1: A LITTLE HISTORY

Intelligence has mattered since the beginning of history (3)

Some examples of early military intelligence
- Moses’s spying expedition into Israel, and other Bible stories (4)
- Example of the ‘honey trap’ or ‘swallow’
- Greek and Egyptian examples (5)
- Sun Tzu, The Art of War  great emphasis on intelligence (6)

Sun Tzu classifies five groups of agents
- Local inhabitants
- Government officials in the enemy camp who betray their
government in order to stay in their jobs
- Enemy spies who could be ‘turned’ and doubled to play back
disinformation
- Expendable agents who can be sacrificed
- Spies who can penetrate the enemy side, survive and report from
inside enemy camp

Great focus on the importance of intelligence in both peace and war time

More examples
- India, Rome (7)
- Network of Julius Caesar and Romans, first national intelligence
system (8)
- Roman spy structure transferred to Byzantian Empire after fall of
Roman Empire (10)

Connection intelligence and security (11)

More examples
- Assassins in the Middle East (12)
- Mongol spy networks
- Intelligence service of the Catholic Church (14), the Inquisition,
which was especially successful in Spain (15)

, - Venetian intelligence network, mostly connected to trade (16)
- Sir Francis Walsingham and British intelligence networks, in service
of the Crown (18)
- Cardinal Richelieu of France (20)
- In the US, intelligence service by George Washington, use of
disinformation (22)
- Napoleon also used intelligence, use of local agents (24)
- Duke of Wellington formed the Corps of Guides, an intelligence unit
in 1809 (26)
- After 1815, intelligence was used to report on brewing revolutions
(27)
- 1861, eruption of the Civil War and importance of intelligence (28)
- Spy networks in Prussia for Bismarck by Stieber (32)
- Britain intelligence against growing Irish dissent (34)
- ‘The Great Game’, name given to undercover war between Russia
and UK in Pakistan. Refers to the thrill of spying, the game (35)
- The Dreyfus Affair (1894) was the start of European spy-mania (36)
- New technology played a big role in intelligence during WWI (37)
- 1920s saw the importance of codes (39)
- Intelligence during WWII, UK had 9 intelligence agencies (40)
- Development of atomic bomb was also no secret due to espionage
- Cold War encouraged technical intelligence gathering
- End of CW saw change in priorities (41)

While technology has changed intelligence gathering a great deal, but
human intelligence is still relevant (42)

CHAPTER 2: ON INTELLIGENCE

Importance of intelligence for war, however it is not always mentioned.
Why is this? (46)
- Secrecy
- Intelligence is seen as a poor relation in the armory of national
security measures
- Missing dimension of diplomatic history (47)

Reliance on intelligence is more important than is said

Intelligence or a lack of it can have great consequences (48)

However, only intelligence cannot make decisions, that it up to leaders
themselves

Loss can often be traced back to a lack of intelligence (49)

Relationship between providers and recipients of intelligence is important

CHAPTER 3: THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

,Intelligence might best be described as information that has been
systematically and professionally processed and analyzed (55).

Intelligence is a cycle




Important to distinguish intentions and capabilities (56)

CHAPTER 4: ON DIRECTION: ‘WHAT EXACTLY IS YOUR INTELLIGENCE
REQUIREMENT, MINISTER?’

Important to understand what leaders want to know (58)
- Having a clear mission of what to do, what information to collect

CHAPTER 5: ON COLLECTION

The collection plan

When you have a clear intelligence question, a collection plan must be
formalized (60)
- Different intelligence is needed to acquire different types of
information

Impact of open-source analysis and social media

Collation – putting it all together

Once information has been obtained, it needs to be collated (62)

Phenomenon of having too much information/data to collate, this is
becoming increasingly more a problem

Interpretation – what does it all mean?

Information needs to be processed or interpreted, turning it into
intelligence (63)

, Dissemination – telling the boss

Relaying the intelligence that is gathered to higherups can have an impact
on how the message is delivered as well  interpretations can be twisted

Facts should be distinguished from interpretive comments (64)

Indicators and warning

Pinnacle of intelligence process is often an indicators and warnings display
(65)
- Keep track of an enemy’s capabilities and intentions

ON HUMINT AND SPIES

Human intelligence (humint) has been a part of intelligence from the start,
includes spying (71)

What the spy can do, above all, is to identify intentions in a way that mere
technical or mechanical methods of intelligence frequently cannot (71).

Human intelligence is very broad

Spies are often not ‘good’ people, ethical questions (72)

Key question when recruiting is whether a human source has access to the
information that is needed

Even with technological advances, the need for humint still remains (73)

Philip Davies, ‘Ideas of Intelligence. Divergent National Concepts
and Institutions’, Harvard International Review 24, 3 (2002), pp. 62-66

Interest in intelligence has formed intelligence studies, traced to Sherman
Kent (62)

Narrow (British) and broad (American) approaches to intelligence 
different states define intelligence differently

A study in contrast

Especially when comparing British and American conceptualizations

US intelligence definition
- Intelligence that is finished, that has already been processed
- Overall, a broader notion of intelligence
- Intelligence production means analytical production

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller liekekovac. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $6.62. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

84146 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$6.62  7x  sold
  • (0)
  Add to cart