Why do we study stats? Correct Ans - gain understanding of world;
make conclusions from limited data
What is an entire population study? Correct Ans - a census
Why do we study samples? Correct Ans - population is almost always
too big to study directly
Statistical inference Correct Ans - making conclusions about the
population from the sample
Biased samples Correct Ans - sample not representative of population
Simple random sampling Correct Ans - list population, select a
sampling frame by which to randomly select people one by one; every person
should have an equal selection chance and every single possible sample had
equal chance of occurring
Data table row Correct Ans - observation unit
Data table column Correct Ans - variable
Numerical data Correct Ans - how much or how many
Categorical data Correct Ans - tells what kind or what type
Is age as years, numeric or categorical? Correct Ans - numeric is using
solid number to compare differences; categorical if used in a demographics
sense as labeling
Summary tables Correct Ans - express the frequency of a variable in
terms of the sample total or variable; applies to categorical data points
Two way table Correct Ans - a table for summarizing 2 categorical
variables
, anecdotal data Correct Ans - customer testimonials; from stat
standpoint cannot perform analysis
observational study Correct Ans - observing subject, try not to
interfere, collect as much info as possible; conclusions become that is possible
that certain variable can be associated to a certain outcome (associated not
directly caused)
experiments Correct Ans - assign treatments (cond); try to control as
many aspects as possible (everyone having exact same conditions beside
control and treatment) therefore can say difference between subject
outcomes is attributable to the treatment
placebo Correct Ans -
confounding variable Correct Ans -
treatment Correct Ans -
response Correct Ans -
dot plot Correct Ans - plots numeric data points; not preferable for
large n
histograms Correct Ans - create bins so bards span several variables; y
axis can be number of outcomes or even relative frequency
stem and plots Correct Ans - segmented section of numeric data that
turned over produce histogram with the stems serving as the known
histogram "bins"
normal distribution Correct Ans - unimodal, symmetric
right skewed Correct Ans - asymmetric, right tail, majority of data to
the left
left skewed Correct Ans - asymmetric, left tail, majority of data to the
right
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