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Psych 130 Goff Final UCLA – Questions & Answers
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Psych 130 Goff Final UCLA – Questions & AnswersEmotion Correct Ans - an inferred complex sequence of reactions to
stimulus including cognitive evaluations, subjective changes, autonomic &
neural arousal, impulses to action, and behavior designed to have an effect
upon the stimulus that initiated the complex sequence
- inferred, reactive, and functional
Temperament Correct Ans - stable individual differences in quality
and intensity our internal and external responses to our environment that :
emerge early in life, show some stability over time, and show evidence of
heritability
Thomas and Chess Correct Ans - identified three basic temperaments
for infants; difficult ("Fesity"), slow to warm ("Fearful"), and easy ("Flexible")
Flexible Correct Ans - One of thomas& chess' temperament profiles;
characterized by regular rhythms, positive mood, adaptability, low intensity;
around 40% of children
Fearful Correct Ans - One of thomas& chess' temperament profiles;
characterized by withdrawal and slow adaptability; around 15% of children
Feisty Correct Ans - One of thomas& chess' temperament profiles;
characterized by: active, intense, distractible, sensitive, irregular; around 10%
of children
Rothbart Correct Ans - Researcher who focused on both positive and
negative emotionality, using a spectra of reactivity and regulation
Low, high Correct Ans - ________ reactivity and __________ regulation
children are those who are more fearful and controlled, not easily impressed
by pos. or neg. events, and maintain high level of self-regulation
High, high Correct Ans - _________ reactivity and __________ regulation
children are easily impressed by events in their environment but can self-
regulate and use their excitement toward goal-directed behavior
,low, low Correct Ans - _________ reactivity and __________ regulation
children appear to be withdrawn, not excited by their surroundings, and not
directed into any intentional program of action
high, low Correct Ans - ________ reactivity and __________ regulation
children run the risk of developing attention or hyperactivity problems.
Stimulation can easily excited them, but they lack the self-regulation to use
excitement toward goals
Kagan Correct Ans - Researcher who studied temperament in terms of
behavioral inhibition; the extremes of the uninhibited and inhibited profiles
showed the most stability over time
inhibited Correct Ans - one of Kagan's profiles; at 1-2 mos, these
children were upset at novel stimuli; at 1-2 yrs, they were shy and fearful of
unfamiliar situations, people, toys; at 4-5 yrs, there was little talking or
smiling with strangers
uninhibited Correct Ans - one of Kagan's profiles; at 1-2 mos, they
showed no negative reaction to novelty; at 1-2 yrs, they had little fear of new
situations or people; at 4-5 yrs, they showed spontaneous talking and smiling
with strangers
heterotypic continuity Correct Ans - The reflection of the consistency
of fundamental differences in personality that changes with age; e.g., the
emotionally fragile child will act differently than the emotionally fragile adult,
but the underlying trait is the same; the amygdala is the long term mediator of
this !!
Amygdala development Correct Ans - Basic neuroanatomical
architecture is present at birth; volumetric growth is complete by age 4 in
girls; animal studies suggest that the most rapid rate of development is within
the postnatal period
inhibited Correct Ans - the ___________ profile from Kagan showed more
reactivity in the amygdala
upon seeing novel stimuli
, social referencing Correct Ans - reading emotional cues in others to
help determine how to act in a particular situation
prefrontal cortex Correct Ans - responsible for top-down regulation; it
can facilitate or attenuate the amygdala during affect regulation in adults
bottom-up Correct Ans - __________ regulation is a reflexive/automatic
process that activates the amygdala
easier Correct Ans - people rate that it is ___________ to increase
negative emotion toward a photo because this involves the amygdala, a
reflexive process that is faster
prefrontal cortex Correct Ans - decreasing negative emotion toward a
photo involves the ___________ and is more difficult/slower because it requires
cognitive effort
genetic Correct Ans - Mary Schneider's prenatal stress study
suggested that temperament is NOT ALL __________
attachment Correct Ans - an emotional tie with another person
characterized by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity
Harlow Correct Ans - researcher that highlighted the importance of
physical contact comfort in the formation of attachments with parents
(monkeys with cloth vs. wire mothers)
Bowlby Correct Ans - researcher who proposed Attachment Theory
attachment theory Correct Ans - posits that children are predisposed
to develop attachments with caregivers as a means of increasing the chances
of their own survival
secure base Correct Ans - Bowlby's term for an attachment figure's
presence that provides an infant or toddler with a sense of security that
makes it possible for the infant to explore the environment
asocial phase Correct Ans - (0-6 weeks)
no particular preference for social stimuli
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