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PSYCH10 Paquette-Smith UCLA Final Exam – Qs & As
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PSYCH10 Paquette-Smith UCLA Final Exam – Qs & As
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PSYCH10 Paquette-Smith UCLA Final Exam – Qs & AsPiaget's Stages of Cognitive Development Correct Ans - Sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operations
sensorimotor stage Correct Ans - in Piaget's theory, the stage (from
birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in
terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. develop sense of
object permanence
preoperational stage Correct Ans - in Piaget's theory, the stage (from
about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but
does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. do not pass
conservation tests because they have centration and a lack of reversibility.
egocentric: do not pass three mountains task.
concrete operational stage Correct Ans - in Piaget's theory, the stage of
cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which
children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about
concrete events. difficulty about thinking abstractly or reasoning
hypothetically
formal operational stage Correct Ans - in Piaget's theory, the stage of
cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which
people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
short-term memory (STM) Correct Ans - A limited-capacity store that
can maintain unrehearsed information for about 20 to 30 seconds. holds
around 5-9 chunks of information.
working memory Correct Ans - the manipulation of the short-term
memory in order to use it for the task you are doing
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Correct Ans - a memory system that contains:
sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory
long-term memory Correct Ans - the relatively permanent and
limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and
experiences.
,explicit long term memory Correct Ans - also called declarative
memory, it can be verbally stated and is knowing "what." episodic vs semantic
episodic long-term memory Correct Ans - memories of actual events
or things you can visual the environment/situation of
semantic long-term memory Correct Ans - facts and knowledge, but
you do not know how/why you know it.
implicit long-term memory Correct Ans - expressed behaviorally.
knowing "how". procedural memory, classical conditioning, priming
procedural implicit long-term memory Correct Ans - skills, knowing
how to do something
classical conditioning implicit long-term memory Correct Ans -
associative learning, operant learning
priming implicit long term memory Correct Ans - exposure to things
influences behavior
amnesia types Correct Ans - retrograde and anterograde
anterograde amnesia Correct Ans - cannot form new memories after
the "accident/event"
retrograde amnesia Correct Ans - inability to retrieve information
before a particular date/time
encoding Correct Ans - the process of transforming what we perceive,
think, or feel into an enduring memory
storage Correct Ans - retaining encoded information over time
retrieval Correct Ans - pulling memories out of storage. depends on
cues/hints. similar context helps. for studying, if you study in a lot of different
places, you have more retrieval cues
, how to recall what you know Correct Ans - recall, recognition, reaction
time
memory failures Correct Ans - transience, absentmindedness,
blocking, memory misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence
transcience Correct Ans - forgetting over time
absentmindedness Correct Ans - lapses in our attention that result in
memory failure
interference types Correct Ans - proactive and retroactive
proactive interference Correct Ans - old learning gets in the way of the
new
retroactive interference Correct Ans - new learning gets in the way of
the old
blocking Correct Ans - failure to recall something even though you
know it, like when it is at the tip of your tongue
schema Correct Ans - organized knowledge structure/mental model
that we've stored in memory
mnemonics Correct Ans - memory aids that use vivid imagery/stories
to memorize long strings of info
Sperling's Iconic Memory Experiment Correct Ans - -people couldnt
remember all of the letters in the display
-later he cued only one row and people could remember the entire row
-capacity is essentially unlimited, but sensory memory fades very quickly
misinformation effect Correct Ans - incorporating misleading info into
one's memory of an event
flashbulb memory Correct Ans - highly detailed, vivid memory of an
emotionally significant event
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