WGU D236 Pathophysiology Section 1 Lesson 1:
Homeostasis Study Guide
Study Guide: D236 Pathophysiology
Section 1 Lesson 1:
HomeostasisLearning
Objectives
1. Describe homeostasis and the importance to maintain
optimal physiological health and wellbeing.
2. Examine the impact of disrupted homeostasis on physiological wellbeing.
3. Explore internal and external influences on physiological wellbeing.
Learning Objective 1: Describe homeostasis and the importance to maintain
optimal physiological health and wellbeing.
a) What are the differences between intercellular fluid, extracellular
fluid, and interstitial fluid?
Intracellular fluid is water inside the cell; it accounts for 40% of the
total body weight; water can diffuse out and cause cell
shrinkage/dehydration or in causing cell swelling/edema
Extracellular fluid found within blood vessels. Contains electrolytes,
oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to be delivered to the cell as
well as cellular waste
Interstitial fluid (filtrate of the blood) is between cells and capillaries.
Contains water and electrolytes, mainly sodium.
b) What are osmotic pressure and oncotic pressure?
Osmotic pressure is pressure exerted by the solutes in solution. It is
exerted by electrolytes, mainly sodium and plasma proteins. Pulls
waterinto the bloodstream from the ICF and ISF and opposes
hydrostatic pressure at capillary membranes fluid will move from
Lesson 1 Homeostasis Page 1 of 8
,WGU D236 Pathophysiology Section 1 Lesson 1:
Homeostasis Study Guide
the solution with lower osmotic pressure into the higher osmotic
pressure
Oncotic pressure is a type of osmotic pressure exerted by albumin in
thebloodstream. Exerts a pulling force from ICF to ECF. Albumin
attracts water and keeps it inside of the blood vessel
c) What are the major solutes in the body?
Albumin, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), phosphate (PO4-),
magnesium(Mg++), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and glucose
d) What are the differences between isotonic, hypotonic, and
hypertonic solutions?
Isotonic solution: same tonicity as blood. Does not cause fluid
shifts or alter cell size 0.9% NaCl solution, blood stream volume
expander
Hypotonic solution: fewer particles and more water than blood and
bodyfluids as in dehydration treatment. 0.45% NaCl
Hypertonic solution: more particles and less water than body and
body fluids. Solutes are added to bloodstream and cause fluids to shift
from ICF to ECF causing body cells to shrink 3.0% NaCl
e) Starling’s law of capillary forces balances which two
f) Describe the RAAS system for maintaining blood volume. Create a
flowchart to explain.
Decreased circulation kidneys secrete renin Renin stimulates
liver to
secrete angiotensinogen angiotensinogen is converted to
angiotensin I in lungs angiotensin I with ACE coverts to
angiotensin II in the lungs angiotensin II stimulates arterial
vasoconstriction and BP raises; It also stimulates adrenal glands to
releasee aldosterone to increase sodium and water reabsorption into
bloodstream increasing blood volume and BP
g) What are the seven major electrolytes in the body? Which
are intracellular? Which are extracellular?
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