Exam (elaborations)
NURS 6501-Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1 questions with complete solutions
- Course
- NURS 6501
- Institution
- Walden University
NURS 6501-Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1 questions with complete solutions
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NURS 6501-Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1 questions with complete solutionsHow are cells specialized? Correct Answer-through the process of differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? Correct Answer-
movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? Correct Answer-the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? Correct Answer-Cellular
injury causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? Correct Answer-the largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of
genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? Correct Answer-an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? Correct Answer-a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? Correct Answer-a network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? Correct Answer-saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? Correct Answer-involved in the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease Correct Answer-The major workhorses
of the cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? Correct Answer-. Mitochondria contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? Correct Answer-the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments). What is the plasma membrane? Correct Answer-encloses the cell and, by
controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? Correct Answer-The transfer of molecular signals from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? Correct Answer-
protein homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? Correct Answer-on the plasma membrane, enable the cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? Correct Answer-(1) the extracellular membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3) specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? Correct Answer-(1) fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3) proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement, and differentiation.
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