NDAEB Exam Review Part 3 Questions
& Answers Latest update
Alveoplasty The surgical shaping and smooth of the margin of the tooth socket after
extraction of the tooth.
Baseplate A temporary resin form representing the base of the denture used to help
establish jaw relationship and the arrangement of teeth
Border molding Process of using finger to contour a closer adaptation of the margins of
and impression while it still in the mouth.
Centric relation having the jaws in a position that produces a centrally related occlusion
Connector Piece of metal that join the various part of a partial denture also called bar
coping thin metal covering or cap placed over a prepared tooth
edentuluos to be without teeth
festooning the process of carving the base material of the denture to simulate the contour
of the natural tessue
flange part of a full or partial denture that extend from the teeth to the border of the denture
framework metal skeleton of a removable partial denture
full denture prosthesis that replaced all of the teeth in the same arch
immediate denture the temporary denture placed after the extraction of the anterior teeth
lateral excursion sliding the portion of the mandible to the left or right of the centric
portion
mastication chewing
occlusal rim rim built on the baseplate to register vertical dimension and occlusal
relationship of the mandibular and maxillary arches
overdenture full denture support by two or more remaining natural teeth
partial denture removable prosthesis that replace one or more teeth within the same arch
post dam seal in back of a full or partial denture that holds in the same place; also called
posterior palatal seal
pressure point specific area in the mouth with the removable prosthesis may rub or apply
more pressure
protruction position of the mandibular placed forward as related to the maxilla
rebasing procedure to replace the entire denture base material on the existing prosthesis
relining procedure to resurface the tissue side of the partial or full denture so that fit
more accurately
rest metal projector on or near the retainer of a partial denture
retainer device used to hold attachments and abutments of a removable prosthesis in
placed
retrusion position of the mandible posterior from the centric position as related to the
maxilla
template clear plastic tray that represent the alveolus as it should appear after teeth have
been extract
tuberosity rounded bony protusion behind the last molar in the maxilla
types of dentures partial denture and full denture
factor choice for denture extraoral and intraoral factors
extraoral factor physical health, mental health, patient motivation, age, dietary habits,
social and economic ,occupation
intraoral factormusculature, saliva flow, residual alveolar ridge,oral mucosa, oral habits, tori
,consideration for partial denture *to replace several teeth in the same quadrant or both in
the same arch
*temporary replace for a missing teeth in a child
*to avoid additional reduction of a tooth structure
component of partial denture framework, connector, retainer, rest, artificial teeth.
appointment for partial denture records, preparation, try-in, delivery, postdelivery check
home care instructions for partial dentures store in water or moist, brush or rinse after
eating, carefully brush and floss the abutment teeth and natural teeth, do not adjust the partial
denture
components of full denture base, flange, post dam, artificial teeth,
consideration for a full denture the patient is totally edentulous, the remain teeth can not
be save, the remain teeth can't support the partial
appointment for full denture records, final impression, try-in of baseplate and occlusal rim,
try-in, delivery, postdelivery
home care instruction for full denture & partial denture removed denture and rinse the
tissue at least once a day, brush the denture, hold the denture when cleaning, do not sock the
denture in hot water, do not wear denture at night.
Store the prosthesis in water or in a moist,airtight container when not wearing it
Do not adjust the partial denture. Pt should contact the dentist is he/she has any difficulties
Orthodontics -Specialized branch of dentistry that diagnoses, prevents, and treats dental and
facial irregularities
Orthodontic Specialist-Must first attend college, then complete a 4 year graduate program at
a dental school in a university accredited by the Canadian Dental Association
-Must successfully complete an additional residency program of at least 2 -3 academic years
of advanced education in ortho
Scope of Orthodontic Practice -Straightens teeth that are rotated, tilted or improperly
aligned
-Corrects crowded or unevenly spaced teeth
-Corrects bite problems
-Aligns the upper and lower jaws
History of Ortho -Archeologists discovered mummified ancients with crude metal bands
wrapped around their teeth
-Egyptian tomb teeth bound together with gold wire
-Bourdet is the first dentist to recommend extractions of premolars to alleviate crowding;
1757
Rationale for Ortho Treatment -Conditions that affect the underlying support structures
of the teeth
-Conditions that cause pain
-Conditions that affect the patient's appearance, speech, or mastication
Underlying Support Tissues -Suffers whenever extra stress is applied to the teeth
-Can weaken to such a degree that bone support is compromised and one or more teeth may
be lost
-When the health of the support structures is threatened by the incorrect position of the teeth
or jaws, orthodontic treatment should be considered
Pain -may be associated with or caused by the destruction of the periodontium caused by
the malocclusion
-muscle or joint pain associated with the incorrect function of the TMJ
-Ortho should be considered when pain & malocclusion exists
Patient's Appearance and Oral Function - Ortho to improve their facial appearance
-speech or eating difficulties that could be improved by ortho treatment
,Pyschosocial Problems -Severe malocclusion and dental facial deformities can be a
social handicap
Oral Malfunction -Malocclusion can be compromised all aspects of oral functions
Dental Disease -Malocclusion can contribute to dental decay and periodontal disease
Contraindications for Ortho Treatment -General Health of the patient
-Oral health of the patient
-The patent's cooperation and interest in treatment
-The patient's financial situation
-The oral habits of the patient
3 Categories of Ortho -Preventive
-Interceptive
-Corrective
Preventive -Treatment taken to establish and preserve a normal occlusal growth pattern,
usually in the pre-adolescent child
Treatment of Preventive -Control of Caries
-Correction of oral habits ex: thumb sucking
-Use of a space maintainer if a tooth is lost early
-Supervision of the exfoliation of primary teeth
-Early detection of genetic and congenital abnormalities
Interceptive -When examination reveals that a malocclusion is developing, a dentist may
intercede and take steps to correct the problem before it becomes major
Corrective - Involves the full fixed and other appliances to correct an existing
malocclusion, or improve it to acceptable functional and esthetic levels
-Full fixed appliances are metal or plastic brackets attached to each tooth and joined together
with wires
-may include orthognathic surgery in more severe cases
Forces of Movement -Dentist must carefully calculate where to apply forces, and how much
force to apply to move a tooth. These calculations depend on :
-Tooth's individual and relative position in the arch
-Direction in which the tooth must move
-Distance the tooth must move
-Concepts of anchorage and tooth stability
Anchorage -Larger teeth provide more anchorage than smaller teeth
-Groups of one or more teeth an be used as anchorage to move one or several teeth
-Anchorage controls movement in a given direction
-Anchorage can be intramaxillary or intermaxillary
Crossbite Correction -Using the opposing tooth as anchorage to correct
Move Maxillary into line with other teeeth -Using the palate as anchorage; removable
appliance with acrylic over the palate
Preventing maxillary molars from drifting Mesially -Using the head, chin, or back of neck as
anchorage; Head gear
5 Factors of Anchorage Ability -Condition of the periodontium
-Condition of the alveolar bone
-Size of the teeth and their roots
-Age of the patient
-General health of the patient
Retention - Mechanics of keeping a tooth in place, once it moves it has been moved into
the desired position, until new bone is fully formed
Photographs -Captures characteristics of intra and extra oral structures
-Useful aid in patient identification/documentation/education
, Radiographs -Cephalometric radiographs
-Panoramic radiographs
Diagnostic Models -Used for diagnosis and case presentation
-Made from white plaster and constructed, trimmed and finishing in a precise manner
Case Presentation -Review info, Create treatment plan. and estimate
-Presentation to patient includes approximate length of treatment and clear statement of the
responsibility of the patient
-Consent form is signed when treatment is accepted
Financial Arrangement -Most frequently used method of payment is a payment
schedule that will be set up with divided payments
Types of Removable Appliances -Passive
-Active
-Functional
Passive -Maintain teeth in their current position without the use of force or pressure
-Used after tooth movement has occurred, to stabilize the occlusion and help prevent relapse
Active -Minor tooth movement by applying force or pressure
-May have a spring to push to a tooth into another position
Functional -Interacts or works with the musculature surrounding the teeth to cause
changes to the teeth and bone
Fixed Ortho Appliances -Placed by the dentist and cannot be removed; either cemented
or bonded into place
Most Common Fixed Appliances -Space maintainers
-Fixed retainers
-Full fixed appliances
Space Maintainers -Used to maintain space maintain a space between two teeth
-If space is not maintained, other teeth may tip or drift into the space and cause the new
permanent tooth to erupt ectopically (out of position)
Fixed Retainer-Most common: Lower anterior retainer
-Bonded or banded to the canines (lingual bars)
-Other fixed appliances : Herbst appliance, Rapid Maxillary Expanding Device
4 Main Components of Full Fixed Appliances : Braces -Brackets
-Bands
-Archwires
-Ligature ties
Bands -Thin metal rings that fit around an individual tooth ; vary in width, thickness and
height
Brackets -Come in many shapes and sizes depending on their intended function
-Two basic categories: Bracket welded onto bands, Brackets bonded directly to the tooth
Archwires -Placed in the bracket slots to provide force to the teeth
-Wires come in varying diameters and may be round, square or rectangular in shape
Ligature Ties -Made from wire or elastic, are used to keep the arch qire in place in the
bracket slots
-Wire + elastometric (plastic) ties serve the same function, but are attached differently
Coil Springs -Ortho Accessory
-fits directly on the archwires and are used to pull the teeth together or push them apart
Hook & Elastics -Intraoral hooks are used to attach elastics, small rubber bands that the
patient place and changes daily. Provides more force on groups of teeth than the archwire can
alone
Headgear and Headgear tubes-Consists of a neck strap and a face bow; used for anchorage
