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Instructor Manual with Test Bank For Perspectives on Personality 8th Edition By Charles Carver, Michael Scheier (All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade)

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Instructor Manual with Test Bank For Perspectives on Personality 8th Edition By Charles Carver, Michael Scheier (All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Instructor Manual with Test Bank For Perspectives on Personality 8e By Charles Carver, Michael Scheier (All Chapters, 100% Original ...

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Instructor’s Manual with Test Bank for By Carver and Scheier Perspectives on Personality
Eight Edition
Prepared by Steven M. Graham Michael F. Scheier and Charles S. Carver 1 Copyright © 2017, 2012, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY? CHAPTER OUTLINE Introduction: What is Personality Psychology? Defining Personality Why Use the Word Personality as a Concept? A Working Definition Two Fundamental Themes in Personality Psychology Theory in Personality Psychology What Do Theories Do? The Role of Research in Evaluating Theories What Else Makes a Theory Good? Perspectives on Personality Perspectives to Be Examined Here Perspectives Reconsidered Organization within Chapters Assessment Problems in Behavior, and Behavior Change Summary : What is Personality Psychology? CHAPTER SUMMARY Personality is a hard concept to define. Thinking about how people use the concept, however, suggests three reasons for its use. People use it to convey a sense of consistency or continuity within a person, to convey the sense that the person is the origin of behavior, and to convey the sense that the essence of a person can be summarized or captured in a few salient qualities. The field of personality addresses two fundamental themes. One is the existence of differences among people. The other is how best to conceptualize intrapersonal functioning —the processes that take place within all persons, giving form and continuity to behavior. Much of this book deals with theories. Theories are summary statements, sets of principles that pertain to certain classes of events. Theories have two purposes: to explain things that are known and to predict possibilities that haven’t yet been examined. One way to evaluate the worth of a theory is to ask whether research supports its predictions. Scientific psychology has a continuing cycle between theory and research, as theories are tested, modified on the basis of results, and tested again. Theories can be evaluated on grounds other than research, though. For example, a theory shouldn’t be based on a single kind of information. Theories benefit from being parsimonious —
having relatively few fewer assumptions (or concepts). People also tend to favor theories that fit 2 Copyright © 2017, 2012, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved well with their intuitions and personal world view. The theories described in this book derive from several perspectives, or viewpoints, on human nature. Each theory chapter focuses on assumptions about the nature of personality within a particular theoretical framework. Also included are a discussion of assessment from the viewpoint of the theory under discussion, and a discussion of problems in behavior and how they can be remedied. KEY TERMS Individual differences: Differences in personality from one person to another. Intrapersonal functioning: Psychological processes that take place within the person. Parsimony: The quality of requiring few assumptions; simplicity. Personality: A dynamic organization inside the person of psychophysical systems that create the person’s characteristic patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings. Theory: A summary statement, a principle or set of principles about a class of events. TEST ITEMS Multiple Choice 1. When laypersons use the term personality , they generally refer to _________, whereas when personality psychologists use the term, they generally refer to a. generic ideas about things everyone has in common; specific traits of particular people . b. specific traits of particular people; concrete concepts about personality . c. concrete concepts about personality; specific traits of particular people . d. specific traits of particular people; abstract concepts about personality Answer: D Topic/Concept: Defining Personality LO #/Text: 1.1: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Moderate 2. The term personality conveys a sense of _________ about an individual’s qualities. a. diversity b. consistency c. complexity 3 Copyright © 2017, 2012, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved d. inevitability Answer: B Topic/Concept: Defining Personality LO #/Text: 1.1: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality Skill Level: Understand Difficulty Level: Easy 3. In the study of personality, consistency involves looking for continuity across a. cultures . b. different people . c. situations that are relatively different from each other. d. generations. Answer: C Topic/Concept: Defining Personality LO #/Text: 1.1: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate 4. One reason people use the term personality is to convey a. that no other person will behave in the same manner as another. b. that a person’s actions in a situation have nothing to do with genetics. c. that a person’s actions in a situation are determined by genetics. d. that a causal force within a person is influencing their behavior. Answer: D Topic/Concept: Defining Personality LO #/Text: 1.1: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality Skill Level: Apply Difficulty Level: Moderate 5. The personality concept does NOT help us a. understand the behavior of others. b. predict how people will behave in certain situations. c. understand our own behavior. d. understand things most people have in common. Answer: D Topic/Concept: Defining Personality LO #/Text: 1.1: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality

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