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BIO 253 FINAL EXAM/195 QUETSIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIO 253 FINAL EXAM/195 QUETSIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIO 253 FINAL EXAM/195 QUETSIONS AND ANSWERSOrganelles are - -
-Organs of the Urinary system - -kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
-draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, ureter, nephron - -
-functional unit of the kidney - -nephron
1 million per kidney!
-What parts make up the nephron? - -Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma) Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
-What is the glomerulus made of? - -capillaries
-Function of a nephron - -filter blood and produce urine
-Two nephron types - -juxtamedullary and cortical
-juxtamedullary nephrons - --Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla -Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
-cortical nephrons - --85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
-How is urine made in the kidney? - -1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle 3.)secretion
4.)filtration
-driving force for filtration - -hydrostatic pressure or BP
-What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - -filtrate
-What is filtrate? - -mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in filtrate. -similar to blood plasma -Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - -Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
-Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - -@ Lowest concentration (diluted)
-Process taking place in nephron loop? - -Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb.
-tubular secretion - --selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
-Hormones that regulate kidney function - -directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
-Aldosterone function - --decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the
blood
-Aldosterone: Target Cells - -kidneys
-ANH function - -Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and Na+
-Effects of ADH - -increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted -secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more water because of the
ADH
-flow of urine through kidney - -Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
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