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TEST BANK FOR COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 8TH EDITION BY MARY A. NIES,MELANIE MCEWEN.
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TEST BANK FOR COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 8TH EDITION BY MARY A. NIES,MELANIE MCEWEN.
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TEST BANK FORCOMMUNITY PUBLIC
HEALTH NURSING 8TH
EDITION BY MARY A.
NIES,MELANIE MCEWEN.
Chapter 01: Health: A Community View
MULTIPLE CHOICE
• Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health
care?
• Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
• The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
• Our national health care costs keep increasing.
• The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
ANS: C
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly
increasing costs, whichcannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the
sick accounted for the majority of escalating health care dollars, which
increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.8%
in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions
about health care; however, they are not the primary reason why
Americans are concerned. The new health care system will change the
health care access and availability, but will not necessarily beoffering
any free services to Americans.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
,• A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health
care system. Why isthis involvement important?
• Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
visible in American med iNa .
• Nurses are primarily responsible for mthe various units
in our healthcare system.
• Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.
• Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
ANS: C
As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about
the current health care system and all the problems that result from people
not seeking care until they aredesperately ill. Nurses, as the American
Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually believe that health care is
a right, not a privilege. Therefore, nurses, whose work is central to our
current health care delivery system, can also be instrumental in
working politically to create a health care delivery system that will meet
health needs. While nurses are in several current TV series and are
employed both inside and outside of hospitals, physicians and other health
care providers are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often
have other backgrounds, such as business administration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
• What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
• There is a trend toward consolidation of health
care into large centralmedical centers.
• There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
• There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
• Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer
relations.
ANS: B
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are
closing and acute careis increasingly found in central medical centers, the
same trend may be seen in an increase in neighborhood-based practice
centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is
recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected.
, However, nurses are increasingly employed in community settings as
opposed to hospitals. This change reflects themove toward community-
based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease the
continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease
prevention rather than high-cost treatment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
• Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?
• Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace.
• Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice.
• Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.
• Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
ANS: C
Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the
environment safe and in egalitarian tradition and vision. An
overinvestment in technology and seeking of cures within the market
justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system to protect and
preserve the health of the population. Although individual autonomy and
freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of collective
responsibility in ensuring social justice, which entitles all people to basic
necessities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
• What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s
emphasis on choosinghealthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily
exercise or healthy food choices?
• Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not
smoking and minimal useof alcohol or drugs, is also
needed.
• All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.
• It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying
and eating fresh fruitsand vegetables as opposed to
quick and cheap fast-food choices.
• Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility
but ignores social andenvironmental changes
needed for well-being.
, ANS: D
Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis
on personal choices in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on
personal choices ignores the need for community responsibility and
action that addresses environmental or cultural restraints to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
• What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA)
Code of Ethics require ofthe nurse beyond giving excellent care to
patients?
• Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available
to patients.
• Recognize the need for experienced nurses to
mentor new graduates tohelp increase and expand
the number of professionals available.
• Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care.
• Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care.
ANS: C
The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health
policy and legislationto positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of
health care. The code does not directly address workplace issues, such as
work schedules or need for overtime.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
• What is the community health nursing definition of health?
• Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful
process toward well-beingor wholeness.
• Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-
being, not merely theabsence of disease or infirmity.
• Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his
or her environmentin meeting daily existence.
• Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-
being.
ANS: D
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