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BIO112 Spring 2024 Exam1|Latest Update| Questions with Verified Answers| A+ Rated
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BIO112 Spring 2024 Exam1|Latest Update| Questions with
Verified Answers| A+ Rated
radiometric dating - -general approach used to determine the age of
specimens using the rate of decay of radioactive isotopes
-radiocarbon dating - -a chemical analysis used to determine the age of
organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon-14
-potassium-40 dating - -radiometric dating method often used in the
assessment of volcanic intrusions in sedimentary layers. It is based on
measurement of the product of the radioactive decay of an isotope of
potassium (K) into argon (Ar).
-half-life - -length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a
sample to decay
-punctuated equilibrium - -Pattern of evolution in which long stable
periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change
-Cambrian explosion - -A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the
major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in
geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 545 to 525 million
years ago.
-macroevolution - -Evolutionary change that produces new species
-microevolution - -Evolutionary change/adaptation below the species
level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations.
-Linnaeus - -Father of taxonomy
-Lamarck - -Proposed theory that organisms pass on traits they acquire
in their lifetime.
-Cuvier - -catastrophism: believed that the extinction of species was
caused by catastrophic events such as floods
-Lyell and Hutton - -scientists who said the world was old and slowly,
but constantly changing
-Malthus - -an English economist and demographer; suggested
populations have a potential for increase that exceeds the actual rate of
increase, and the resources for the support of increase are limited
, -descent with modification - -process by which descendants of ancestral
organisms adapt to different/changing habitats and accumulate
structural and functional adaptations
-selective breeding - -The process of humans intentionally selecting a
few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next
generation, over time producing organisms with altered characteristics
-species - -a group of related organisms sharing a distinctive form. If
sexually reproducing, individuals can interbreed to produce viable,
fertile offspring.
-vestigial structures - -remnant of a structure that may have had an
important function in a species' ancestors, but is suggested to have no
clear function in the modern species.
-homology - -Similarity in structural, embryological or DNA or RNA
sequence characteristics attributed to shared ancestry.
-anatomical homology - -similar body structures among different
species attributed to a common ancestor with that feature
-developmental homology - -similarities in the development of embryos
between different species that share a common ancestor
-genetic homology - -Similarities in DNA sequences or amino acid
sequences that are due to inheritance from a common ancestor.
-analogy - -similar structures that are proposed to have arisen due to
similar selective pressures rather than inheritance from a common
ancestor with that structure
-morphological species concept - -characterizes a species by body
shape and other structural features
-biological species concept - -Definition of a species as a group of
populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature
and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile
offspring with members of other such groups.
-ecological species concept - -A definition of species in terms of
ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with
the nonliving and living parts of their environment.
-evolutionary species concept - -Defines species according to
evolutionary history and common ancestors, distinctive lineages in
phylogenetic trees
-reproductive isolation - -Separation of species or populations so that
they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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