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UCLA Ling 1 Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024
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UCLA Ling 1 Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024
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UCLA Ling 1 Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024language as a TOOL - Correct Answer-Speakers encode meanings into sounds,
Listeners decode speech sounds (or hand shapes) into meaning
language as a type of KNOWLEDGE - Correct Answer-You have a finite set of building blocks and rules.
You know how to use them. This is unconscious knowledge.
You understand the inventory of sounds in your language: Phonetics.
You understand the sound patterns in your language, what sequences are possible: Phonology.
lexicon - Correct Answer-your mental dictionary,
you know words that are not in any written dictionary, and may never be pg. 1 professoraxe l morphology - Correct Answer-the "rules" that allow you construct words
syntax - Correct Answer-How to build good PHRASES and SENTENCES
semantics - Correct Answer-Meanings of words and how to use them
Education? - Correct Answer-Being a fully competent native speaker of a language is independent of educational level.
Being more (or less) educated does not make a person a "better" (or "worse") native speaker.
linguistic competence - Correct Answer-What you know in your mind What you can do
Systematic
linguistic performance - Correct Answer-What actually comes out of your mouth
What you do do pg. 2 professoraxe l Subject to physical limitations such as breath, fatigue, nerves, etc.
Slips of the Tongue are performance errors.
Features of Language - Correct Answer-1. Arbitrariness: The relationship between a word and its meaning is arbitrary. (This is why the sounds used to name the same object vary across languages.)
2. Creativity: Speakers use a finite set of building blocks and rules to create and understand an infinite set of novel sentences. (Sentences cannot simply be memorized or learned
by imitation.)
Creativity is a universal property of human language.
Language Universals - Correct Answer--All languages have ways of forming questions.
-All languages have means for negating an utterance.
-All languages have means for indicating when an action takes place.
-All languages possess a set of discrete sounds (or gestures).
-All languages permit displacement—the ability the talk about
things other than the here and now. pg. 3 professoraxe l -All languages exhibit stimulus-freedom, the ability to say anything at all—including nothing—in any circumstances.
descriptive grammar - Correct Answer-linguist's description or model of the mental grammar
What speaker's rules actually are speaker's grammar
linguist's grammar
prescriptive grammar - Correct Answer-rules of grammar (often based on Latin) used by teachers
What speaker's rules should be
lateralization - Correct Answer-language is "lateralized" to the
left hemisphere
Without access to the left cerebral hemisphere, normal language processing cannot occur.
Dichotic Listening Tests - Correct Answer-Different sounds are played in both ears
Subject reports hearing only one
Sound from right ear is almost always reported pg. 4 professoraxe l
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