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Summary History Term 1 - Test - Study Notes
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History Term 1 - Test - Study Notes Extermination camps and genocide, the massacre and the 'final solution' Treaty of versailles
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GRADE 9TASK 2: TERM 1 TEST
TIME: 1½ hours
TOTAL: 70
Vacuole The organelle that can lose water and cause a plant to wilt. A vacuole is
a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally
small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help
maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most
of the interior space of the plant cell
Chloroplast The organelle that contains green pigments.
Condoms (for males) The contraceptive that provides the best protection against pregnancy
AND sexually transmitted diseases
Tissue A group of cells that have similar structures and functions.
Arteries Arteries distribute oxygen-rich blood to your body. Arteries, part of your
circulatory (cardiovascular) system, are the blood vessels that bring
oxygen-rich blood from your heart to all of your body's cells. They play a
crucial role in distributing oxygen, nutrients and hormones throughout your
body.
Right ventricle The heart chamber that pumps blood to the aorta.
Cell membrane The part of a cell that is selectively permeable and living
Stem cells Cells used in the research to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
Epithelial cells Epithelial cells are a type of cell that covers the inside and outside of the
surfaces of your body. They are found on your skin, blood vessels, and
organs, including your urinary tract.
Tube The part of a microscope that contains the lenses and enlarges the
image.
Chemical digestion The type of digestion that takes place in the mouth, stomach and small
intestine.
Peristalsis Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food
through the digestive tract. It starts in the esophagus where strong wave-
, like motions of the smooth muscle move balls of swallowed food to the
stomach
Gametes A gamete is a reproductive cell of an animal or plant. In animals, female
gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called
sperm. Ova and sperm are haploid cells, with each cell carrying only one
copy of each chromosome. During fertilisation, a sperm and ovum unite
to form a new diploid organism.
Foetal alcohol Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition in a child that results from alcohol
syndrome exposure during the mother's pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome causes
brain damage and growth problems. The problems caused by fetal
alcohol syndrome vary from child to child, but defects caused by fetal
alcohol syndrome are not reversible.
Asthma Asthma is a long-term condition affecting children and adults. The air
passages in the lungs become narrow due to inflammation and
tightening of the muscles around the small airways. This causes asthma
symptoms such as cough, wheeze, shortness of breath and chest
tightness The disease that can be caused by exposure to cigarette smoke
and that causes swelling and inflammation of the airway.
Ovulation Ovulation is the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary.
After it's released, the egg moves down the fallopian tube and stays there
for 12 to 24 hours, where it can be fertilised
Epididymis A narrow, tightly-coiled tube that is attached to each of the testicles (the
male sex glands that produce sperm). Sperm cells (male reproductive
cells) move from the testicles into the epididymis, where they finish
maturing and are stored.
Diaphragm The part of the microscope that controls the amount of light that reaches
the specimen.
Ovaries One of a pair of female glands in which the eggs form and the female
hormones estrogen and progesterone are made. These hormones play
an important role in female traits, such as breast development, body
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