Fisdap Airway Management Exam With
100% Correct Answers 2024.
Potential effects of orotracheal intubation.
Secure airway, Protection against aspiration. Bleeding, hypoxia laryngeal swelling,
laryngospasms, vocal cord, mucosal necrosis, barotrauma.
Potential effects of moving an intubated patient.
With a firmly secured tube the tip of the ET tube can move as much as 2 inches with
head flexion and extension; with hyperflexion the tube can be pulled from the trachea
completely. Hyperextension can cause the ET tube to be pushed further into the
trachea. Consider C-collar to keep the head in neutral position.
When to exubate a patient?
Patients are rarely extubated in the prehospital setting. The only reason to consider
extubation is if the patient is extremely intolerant of it or the ET tube is placed
incorrectly. (Extremely combative, gagging or retching). It is typically safer to sedate the
patient rather than extubate. Before performing field extubation, you should contact
medical control or follow local protocols.
Potential effects of overinflation of the distal cuff.
Overinflation of the distal cuff may cause tissue necrosis of the tracheal wall.
Indications for airway suctioning.
When the patient's mouth or throat becomes filled with vomit, blood or secretions.
Audible gurgling.
Gold standard for successful intubation.
The gold standard is endotracheal intubation; Gold standard for evidence of successful
intubation is in-line capnography.
Indications for direct laryngoscopy and magill forceps.
If you are unable relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unresponsive patient with
basic techniques.
Have Magill forceps available should you need to guide the ET tube between the vocal
cords or if you encounter a foreign body obstruction during laryngoscopy.
Potential complications of endotracheal intubation.
Bleeding, hypoxia, laryngeal swelling, laryngospasm, vocal cord damage, mucosal
necrosis, and barotrauma.
Anatomical place of a Miller blade.
The straight laryngoscope blade (Miller) is designed so that its tip will extend beneath
the epiglottis and directly lift it up.
Anatomical placement of a Macintosh blade.
Curve of blade conforms to tongue and pharynx. The tip of the blade is placed in the
vallecula.
Indications for nasotracheal intubation.
Nasotracheal intubation is indicated for patients who are breathing spontaneously but
require definitive airway management to prevent further deterioration of their condition.
Responsive patients and patients with an altered mental status and an intact gag reflex
, who are in respiratory failure because of conditions such as COPD, asthma, or
pulmonary edema.
Volume of the distal cuff of a endotracheal tube.
5-10 mL
Correct tube placement confirmation.
1. Visualizing the the ET tube passing between the vocal cords.
2. Equal and bilateral lung sounds.
3. If the ET tube has been placed properly then it should be easy to compress the bag-
mask device, and you should see corresponding chest expansion.
4. Continuous waveform capnography, ETC02 detector or an esophageal detector
device.
Treatment of FBAO.
1.If a patient with a suspected airway obstruction is responsive ask if they are choking.
If they can speak encourage them to cough.
If they can't speak, begin treatment immediately.
2. Open the airway and attempt ventilation. If unable to ventilate, reposition airway and
reattempt ventilation.
3. If you find large pieces of vomitus, mucus, loose dentures or blood clots in the airway,
then sweep them forward out of the mouth with your gloved index finger.
4. No blind finger sweeps
5. The abdominal thrust maneuver is the most effective method.
6. You should perform the Heimlich maneuver on any responsive child or adult with any
severe airway obstruction until the obstructing object is resolved or until the patient
becomes unresponsive.
7. For pregnant and obese patients, perform chest thrusts instead.
8. If patient becomes unresponsive, begin CPR. After compressions, check airway and
remove object only if you can see it. If not, resume chest compressions.
9. If you are unable to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unresponsive patient
with the basic techniques, then proceed with direct laryngoscopy for the removal.
10. Insert the blade in the mouth, if you see the foreign body, carefully remove it from
the upper airway with the Magill forceps.
Airway management for facial trauma.
1. Control bleeding with direct pressure, and suction the airway as needed.
2. If you can not control the source of the oropharyngeal bleeding, then perform
continuous suction and intubate the trachea.
3. Use the jaw-thrust maneuver when opening the airway.
4. If you are unable to effectively ventilate or orally intubate a patient with severe facial
injuries, then perform a cricothyrotomy.
Time limit to intubate.
30 seconds.
Use of a nasogastric tube in an intubated patient.
A nasogastric tube is an effective tool for removing air and liquid from the stomach,
reducing the risk of regurgitation and aspiration.
DOPE
Displacement of breathing tube
Obstruction
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