Certification CQPA PART 1,2,3,4 LATEST 2023
Part 1
Part 1
quality planning
structured method of designing and establishing steps necessary to ensure that a product or service satisfies a customer.
Shewhart
1930s developed methods for statistical analysis and control of quality;
One of Demi...
Certification CQPA PART 1,2,3,4 LATEST 2023
Part 1
Part 1
quality planning
structured method of designing and establishing steps necessary to ensure that a
product or service satisfies a customer.
Shewhart
1930s developed methods for statistical analysis and control of quality;
One of Deming teachers; SPC control chart; Shewhart cycle- Plan do study act
Deming
1950s taught methods to Japanese engineers and executives; origin of TQM;
14 Points, cooperation, theory of profound knowledge
Juran
1950s taught concepts of controlling quality and managerial breakthrough;
first to incorporate the human aspect of quality management aka TQM-- quality trilogy:
quality planning, quality improvement, quality control;
QP activity of (1) establishing quality goals and (2) developing the products and process
required *planning without goals is NOT possible
Feigenbaum
1950s book total quality control forerunner for the present understanding of TQM, was
published;
founding chairman of the board of International Academy for Quality;
"thinking out in advance the sequence of actions to accomplish a proposed course of
action in doing work to accomplish certain objectives"
Crosby
promotion of zero defects (1950s)
ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9000-2005
QP: part of quality management focused on setting quality objectives and specifying
necessary operational processes and related resources to fulfill the quality objectives
purpose of quality planning
identify actions that can increase effectiveness and efficiency of activities and
processes
approaches of quality planning
Strategic-- long term
tactic
implementation-- short term (operational)
summary of quality planning
road map or guide to meeting customer expectations
clear identification of customer requirements
commitment of planning team members
commitment from senior management
,a method for evaluating when customer expectations have been met
(QFD best method; cause and effect)
requirements
necessary specific characteristics of a product or service that a customer demands and
will purchase (should always be driven by the customer);
product and process
standards
"statement, specification, or quantity of material against which measured outputs from a
process may be judged as acceptable or unacceptable (National; International)
1 conformance (external)
2 guidance (internal)
3 regulatory (enforceable by law)
4 consensus (voluntarily adopted)
specifications
grouping of specific PARAMETERS that are required to ensure the success of a product
to perform as design (James L Bossert)
-- given by process (dynamic (not good))--> increased variation
-- given by customer (tolerances)
1 Product
2 Process
3 Analytical
4 Raw material
5 Quality management
ISO 9000
basic international standard (documentation is key)
National Standards
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers); ASTM (American Society for
Testing and Material); API (American Petroleum Institute)
Quality Awards
MBNQA (Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award), European Foundation for Quality
Management's European Quality Award, the Deming Prize, and Shingo Prize for
Excellence in Manufacturing
Bar Chart
used to compare things between different groups or to track changes over time.
Gantt Chart
timeline that is used as a project management tool to illustrate how the project will run.
You can view individual tasks, their durations and the sequencing of these tasks. View
the overall timeline of the project and the expected completion date.;
useful for planning and scheduling projects. They help you assess how long a project
should take, determine the resources needed, and plan the order in which you'll
complete tasks. They're also helpful for managing the dependencies between tasks.
Milestone Chart
,focuses on planned significant events scheduled to occur at specific times in the
program. Such events could be the initiation or completion of a particularly important or
critical activity, equipment deliveries, reviews, or approval dates. Like the Gantt Chart,
the milestone chart uses symbols imposed on a calendar to provide information about
planned and actual completion dates and any revisions to the milestone schedule;
Program Managers (PM) rarely use pure Gantt or milestone charts. Normally they
integrate the information from these charts and display it in a combination chart. Such a
chart can be useful in displaying the planned and actual duration of activities using the
Gantt chart symbols and in monitoring the progress for completing key events in these
activities using the milestone symbols.
Check sheet/Checklist
simple document that is used for collecting data in real time and at the location where
the data is generated. The document is typically a blank form that is designed for the
quick, easy, and efficient recording of the desired information, which can be either
quantitative or qualitative. When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is
sometimes called a tally sheet. The check sheet is one of the seven basic tools of
quality control made popular by Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa;
A defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data is recorded by making marks
("checks") on it. A typical check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in
different regions have different significance. Data is read by observing the location and
number of marks on the sheet.
Network Diagram
visual representation of network architecture. It maps out the structure of a network with
a variety of different symbols and line connections. It is the ideal way to share the layout
of a network because the visual presentation makes it easier for users to understand
how items are connected.
Value Management Diagrams
QFD
a structured methodology and mathematical tool used to identify and quantify
customers' requirements and translate them into key critical parameters. In Six Sigma,
QFD helps you to prioritize actions to improve your process or product to meet
customers' expectations.
Part 2
Part 2
Feigenbaum definition of totally quality control
total quality control's organization wide impact involves the managerial and technical
implementation of customer-oriented quality activities as a prime responsibility of
general management and of the main-line operations of marketing, engineering,
production, industrial relations, finance, and service as well as of the quality-control
function itself
K. Ishikawa
used "Company wide quality control" (CWQC) to differentiate the Japanese concept of
total quality control from the American concept;
"To practice quality control is to develop, design, produce and service a quality product
which is most economical, most useful, and always satisfactory to the customer."
The Quality Council
, group that develops guidelines, measure progress, and assist with implementation of
the quality objectives (responsible for growth, control, and effectiveness of TQ);
Quality policies
guidelines that the organization's employees and management can follow; states
intentions and direction of an organization with regard to quality as formally expressed
by top management;
(quality council should play major role in developing these)
Strategic quality goals
may gain priority from Quality council, as well as feedback from customers, top
management or other organizational levels; they are specific, quantified, and scheduled;
all corporate levels will place more emphasis on attaining the goals; resources must be
secured for each goal; become part of strategic business plan
champion of quality
the quality driver; will not need to allocate or budget his personal department's funds to
carry out TQ effort; even if quality driver would remove himself from active participation,
the structure itself should be self sufficient
quality manager
vital role to play in this structure;
directly coordinate resources to aid TQ effort; can provide assistance and guidance
a system is in place when
quality goals contained in the strategic business plan are agreed upon, assigned to
various sections (or teams) in the organization, and are funded; after the system is in
place the measurement of performance must then be addressed, just as other elements
of the strategic business plan are measured (compare progress against goals)
The quality audit
provide independent and unbiased info to all those who have a need to know; scope
may consist of criteria for Deming Prize or Baldrige National Quality Award (scope
determined by guidelines set forth by quality council); can be conducted through internal
teams, outside auditors, upper managers, or by the president
Quality Standards
gov't or industry endorsed descriptions of essential characteristics for an item or
activity----- examples:
ISO 9001:2008: Quality management systems - requirements
ISO/TS 16949: Quality management systems - particular requirements for the
application of ISO 9001:2008 for automotive production and relevant service part
organizations
ISO/IEC 17025: General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories
ISO 14001:1996: Environmental management systems - specifications with guidance
for use
REQUIREMENT
formal statement of a need and the mandatory/expected way to attain it;
accomplishment level; binding technical prereq in approved specifications; necessary
specific characteristics of a product or service that a customer demands and will
purchase (should be driven by customer always) (product and process)
SPECIFICATION
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