Pharmacology NR 293 exam 1 Questions with Answers Latest 2024 Update
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Course
NU1426
Institution
NU1426
Pharmacology NR 293 exam 1 Questions with Answers (Latest 2024 Update)
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
The nursing process
Drug interactions
Strategies to Prevent Drug Interactions
Pharmacological responses
Administration Routes
intravenous (IV)
intramuscular (IM)
...
Pharmacology NR 293 exam 1 Questions with
Answers (Latest 2024 Update)
1). Pharmacotherapeutics
Ans: is the use of medications to prevent illnesses or as an intervention to treat
diseases.
2). Pharmacokinetics
Ans: what the body does to a medication and entails four very important processes:
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug
3). Pharmacodynamics
Ans: explores what the drug does to the body.
4). The nursing process
Ans: evidence-based framework that is used to guide professional nursing practice.
The nursing process consists of five steps: assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation, and evaluation. Critical decision making underscores the nursing process
in action. The nurse collects both subjective and objective information in utilizing the
steps of the nursing process. The nurse addresses the multifaceted concerns of the
patient, including physiological, psychological, spiritual, cultural, and socioeconomic
needs.
5). Drug interactions
Ans: can occur at any time.
The reasons that clients may experience drug interactions include
polypharmacy: the simultaneous use multiple drugs;
patient's lack of knowledge of medication instructions; and
interactions that may occur when taking over-the-counter and herbal supplements.
6). Strategies to prevent drug interactions
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, Ans: The patient should understand the reason for taking the medication, instructions
for how to take the medication, and how long he or she should take the medication.
Encourage the patient to keep a current list of medications and bring it to each physician
appointment.
Educate the patient about interactions with food and other medications that may increase
or decrease efficacy.
Support the patient in asking his or her healthcare provider and pharmacist to verify his or
her medication list, and if supplements or herbal therapies interact.
Have the patient return to demonstrate patient teaching regarding how to take the
medications.
Designate friends or family members to assist patients with medication administration
when the patient has vision or memory problems.
Incorporate the use of a pillbox, calendar, or storage containers with labels to assist with
organizing medications.
Discard old or expired medications.
7). Pharmacological responses
Ans: the physiological reactions that occur within the body. These medication-body
reactions may be therapeutic or toxic.
8). Administration routes
Ans: There are two general types of drug administration routes—enteral (via the GI
tract) and parenteral (by injection).
Common routes include oral (PO), intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous
(SQ).
9). Intravenous (iv)
Ans: Advantages:
Complete absorption
100% bioavailability
Precise control of dosing
Quick dilution of irritating drugs
Disadvantages:
Irreversible administration
Drug concentration, formulation, and rate of injection sensitivity
Risks of overloading body fluid volume, infection, and embolism
10). Intramuscular (im)
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, Ans: Advantages:
The use of poorly water-soluble drugs
The use for depot drug formulation (e.g., Penicillin G)
Disadvantages:
Discomfort and inconvenience
Local tissue injury caused by chronic administration
Risk of nerve damage because of improper injection
Moderate to low bioavailability
11). Subcutaneous (sq)
Ans: Advantages:
The use of poorly water-soluble drugs
The use for depot drug formulation
Disadvantages:
Discomfort and inconvenience
Local tissue injury caused by chronic administration
Risk of nerve damage because of improper injection
Moderate to low bioavailability
12). Oral (po)
Ans: Advantages:
Convenient and inexpensive
Higher safety of administration
Disadvantages:
Variability of drug absorption and difficulty of drug concentration control
Inactivation of certain drugs because of acidic environment of the stomach (e.g.,
Penicillin G) and/or the liver "first-pass" effect (nitroglycerin)
Patients consciousness requirement
Local irritation of the GI tract to cause vomiting and nausea
13). Transdermal
Ans: Advantages:
Good control of drug release (e.g., nitroglycerin and contraceptive hormones)
Convenient to use (e.g., patch and ointment)
Disadvantages:
Inconvenient administration for liquid formulation of drug
14). Adverse drug event (ade)
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