CSTR STUDY GUIDE 2019 graded A+
AIS Components for ISS Scaling-Body Region
The adult skeletal system
Skull base fractures
Skull Vault fractures
Brain Hematomas
uncal herniation, transtentorial
Meninges
Intracranial Injuries-Focal injuries
Intracranial Injuries-Nonfocal Head Injuries
Facia...
Ans: deep lacerations, deformity, difficulty speaking, visual changes, entrapment of
muscles, rhinorrhea, otorrhea, trismus
12). Facial diagnostics and procedures
Ans: CT scan, MRI scan, X rays, ORIF, Enucleation or removal of the eyeball.
13). Neck injury indicators
Ans: • Bleeding
• Stridor
• Difficulty Breathing
• Bruising to the Neck
• Deviated Trachea
• Subcutaneous emphysema
• Zones of the Neck:
1. Angle of the mandible to base of the skull 2. Cricothyroid Cartilage
14). Neck trauma procedures
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, Ans: • Cricothyroidotomy - needle through a catheter
• Tracheostomy - done when a patient is stabilized
• Neck Exploration
• Intubation
15). Vertebral column dislocation
Ans: • Ligamentous injuries - ligaments' purpose is to keep spine aligned.
• Dislocations - unilateral facet, bilateral facet
• Subluxation- partial dislocation
Vertebral Column Fractures -
• Simple
• % compression or wedge
• Comminuted or burst - broken into pieces
• Tear drop
Spinal Cord Injuries -
• Concussion - numbness and tingling
• Contusion- bruising
• Transection
• Interruption in vascular supply
• SCIWORA - spinal cord injury with radiological arteries
Ans: • 7 vertebrae
• C1-atlas, c2- axis - responsible for assisting with movement of the head.
• If spinal cord injured at c1-C2- typically quadriplegic
18). Thoracic spine
Ans: • Contains 12 vertebrae
• If spinal cord injured here, typically Paraplegia
Ans: • 5 fused vertebrae
• Joins with the pelvic bones
21). Coccyx
Ans: • 3-5 very small fused bones
• Tail bone
22). Thoracic bone structures
Ans: • Spinal column
• Ribs
• Clavicles
• Scapulae - if this bone is fractured, be suspicious for lung contusion.
• Sternum
• Xiphoid process - tip of the sternum
23). Rib fracture documentation
Ans: very important to know the number of ribs fractured on each side. Segmental -
flail
24). Thoracic muscular structures
Ans: Diaphragm - muscle separating the chest and its contents from abdomen and its
contents
Intercostal - assists in breathing
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