*lots of H+= low PH
*high levels of CO2 body becomes more acidic
*Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are marked by changes in PCO2
Higher CO2=acidosis Lower CO2=alkalosis
First line of defense is respirations
Second line of defense is kidney's
*If PH and PCO2 are moving in opposite direction then it is the PCO2 levels causing the imbalance it
is respiratory in nature. Respiratory opposite and reverse.
If PCO2 is normal or moving in same direction as PH then imbalance is metabolic. Metabolic equal or
same.
High CO2=hyperventilation, need to blow of CO2 to increase PH
Respioratory Disorders
Respiratopry Acidosis: CO2 high, PH low
CNS depression
Obstructive lung disease
hypoventalation
tx: intubation or admin. Bicarb
Respiratory Alkalosis: CO2 low, PH high
hyperventalation
hypoxemia
tx:CO2 rebreather mask
, Metabloic acidosis: PH low due to HCO3 low<22
increase in proton
due to anion gap that is normal or elevated
tx: sodium bicarb
Metabolic alkalosis: PH high due to HCO3 high >26
tx: administer vomiting meds
Risk factors for hypertensive urgency cerebral concussion:
-headaches
-lethargy and mental dullness
-s/s can persist for several months.
Sprain: over stretching of a ligament, common location is the ankle. It can be caused by a force that
displaces a joint from its normal alighnment.
Strain: over stretching of tendons and muscles. Often in the lower back and hamstring. Pain,
weakness, and limited ROM.
Rilozole: class of benzothiazotes medications used to tx. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS)
S/S of dehydration: headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breathe, dry mouth, dark urine
*albumin controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume.
VB12 deficiency causes: conditions of the gastric system (chrons and celiac disease)
heartburn meds to tx. Esomeprazole, pantaprazole, famotidine, cimetidine, metformin?
THINK OF GASTRIC ISSUES CAN CAUSE B12 DEFICIENCY.
*Cryoablation is tx for bone cancer/prostate cancer.
TIA: will resolve itsself within or dissolve the clot within 24.
Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic stroke
85% most common 40% less common
afib or arteriosclerosis mainly caused by HTN
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ASolution. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
