Chapter 1. Introduction—The Definition and Extent of Delinquency.
1. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?
a. Identity theft
b. Selling drugs
c. Skipping school*
d. None of the above
2. NIBRS collects information on ____ categories with ___ total offenses.
a. 2, 8
b. 3, 10
c. 17, 37
d. 23, 52*
3. Approximately what percentage of arrests are of youths under age 18, according to
NIBRS?
a. 4.7%
b. 27.3%
c. 19.2%
d. 8.9%*
4. Youths under age 18 make up what percentage of all personal crime arrests?
a. 2%*
b. 4%
c. 12%
d. 38%
5. Delinquency from the 1960s to the 1990s has generally:
a. Remained consistent
b. Increased*
c. Decreased
d. Decreased, then remained consistent
6. Since the late 1990s, delinquency has generally:
a. Remained consistent
b. Increased
c. Decreased*
d. Increased, then remained consistent
7. When was the term delinquency coined?
a. Mid-1950s
, b. Early 1800s
c. Late 1800s*
d. Early 1970s
8. Which of the following is NOT a definition of delinquency?
a. Criminal Law
b. Criminological
c. Status Offense
d. None of the above*
9. What is the dark figure of crime?
a. Crimes that cannot be resolved in court
b. Crimes that are unreported to the police*
c. Crimes committed against juveniles
d. Batman
10. Which of the following is an example of a criminal law definition of delinquency?
a. Armed robbery
b. Prostitution
c. Aggravated assault
d. All of the above*
11. Which of the following is NOT a status offense?
a. Truancy
b. Drinking alcohol
c. Running away
d. None of the above*
12. ___________ is an example of an Index crime:
a. Extortion
b. Libel
c. Rape*
d. All of the above
13. The offense rate is the number of offenses per __________ persons:
a. 100
b. 1,000
c. 10,000
d. 100,000*
,14. In which of the following is the same set of individuals interviewed repeatedly over an
extended number of years?
a. Panel design
b. National Youth Survey
c. Both a and b*
d. None of the above
15. Which of the following is NOT a self-report survey?
a. National Youth Survey
b. Monitoring the Future Project
c. Short-Nye instrument
d. Uniform Crime Reports*
16. The process by which an individual who is legally a juvenile is sent to the adult criminal
system for disposition and handling is called ____________.
a. Transfer
b. Waiver
c. Both a and b*
d. None of the above
17. A juvenile is defined as:
a. Anyone under the age of 18
b. Anyone between ages 6 and 20, depending on the state
c. Anyone under the ages of 16-18, depending on the state*
d. Any child who is psychologically determined to be less responsible than an adult
18. NIBRS counts up to _____ offenses per criminal incident.
a. 1
b. 3
c. 7
d. 10*
19. _____________ is/are an official measure of delinquency.
a. Juvenile corrections statistics*
b. Self-report surveys
c. Public opinion polls
d. Two of the above
20. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Uniform Crime Reports?
a. Counts offenses and offenders*
, b. Relies on individual agencies to voluntarily report data accurately
c. Focuses on more serious offending
d. Reflects only those offenses known to police
21. Juvenile court statistics show that offending is dominated by______________.
a. Female youths
b. Black youths
c. Hispanic youths
d. White youths*
22. The correct relationship of the amount of delinquency these measures show is:
a. Juvenile court statistics < UCR < Juvenile corrections statistics
b. Juvenile corrections statistics < Juvenile court statistics < UCR*
c. Juvenile corrections statistics < UCR < Juvenile court statistics
d. Juvenile court statistics < Juvenile corrections statistics < UCR
23. Which of the following is NOT true about self-report surveys?
a. Measures actions known and unknown to police
b. Can specifically ascertain why an individual violates the law*
c. Ability to show data on all offenders and not just those arrested
d. Asks individuals to tell of participation in deviant activity
24. Which of the following is NOT a true finding of recent self-reports?
a. More offending overall*
b. Less offending overall
c. High delinquency levels in minor behaviors
d. Reduced levels of serious offenses
25. Leiber and Fix’s data over time shows __________ levels of disproportionate minority
contact for Black Americans.
a. Decreasing
b. Increasing*
c. Increasing until 2008, then leveling off
d. Increasing until 2011, then dramatic decreasing
26. In both official data and self-report data, which sex shows higher offending?
a. Females
b. Males*
c. Both males and females offend at the same rates
d. Males commit more status offenses while females commit more larceny
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