1. What are the two types of biliary atresia?: fetal- noted in womb (other
defects like heart, spleed, intestines)
perinatal- appears 2-4 weeks after birth
2. What is hypospadias?: Hypospadias is a birth defect in which
boys in opening of the urethra is not located at the tip of
the penis.
3. What are the Clinical signs of premature adrenarche: Premature
adrenarche (PA) refers to the presentation of androgenic signs -
appearance of pubic and axillary hair, adult-type body odor, oily hair,
acne or come dones - before the age of 8 years in girls or 9 years in
boys in the absence of central puberty
4. What is physiological jaundice?: -occurs when baby accumulates
bilirubin
-secondary to immature liver in newborns
-common first 2-4 days of life and resolves by 2 weeks
5. What does a positive coomb's test in a pregnant mother mean: may lead
to physiological jaundice in child
she developed antibodies IgG and may lead to hemolytic disease in
newborn
6. What level is conjugated hyperbilirubinemia?: serum conjugated
bilirubin concentration greater than 1 mg/dL if the total bilirubin is less
than 5.0 mg/dL or more than 20% of the total bilirubin if the the total
bilirubin is greater than 5 mg/dL (p. 862 AAP book)
7.What is breastfeeding jaundice?: -due to poor intake that causes lack
of stools and urine output
-common in the first week and resolves once milk comes in and the
infant is feeding well-more stools and urinary output
-peaks around 2-3 weeks
8. How do you diagnose jaundice?: -dx with a bili level of 5 mg/dL
-12 mg/dL threshold for all newborns having jaundiced appearan
c
-direct/indirect bili levels
-CBC
-reticulocyte count
,9. How do you treat jaundice?: increased
intake indirect sunlight
photothera
py IV fluids
10.What are other causes of jaundice?: abnormal blood cell shapes (like
sickle cell)
, Rh
incompatibility
cephalohemato
ma
polycythemia (increased RBCs, SGA infants,
twins) infection
specific enzyme disorders
11.What is biliary atresia?: -life-threatening condition causing a
blockage of bile ducts inside or outside of the liver
-leads to a build-up of toxins (like bilirubin)
-malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K
-scaring of the liver, loss of tissue, cirrhosis
-not inherited
12.What causes biliary atresia?: -infection after birth
(cytomegalovirus or ro- tavirus)
-autoimmune disorder
-developmental issue in womb
-exposure to toxic substances
13.What are symptoms of biliary atresia?:
jaundice dark urine
light to white stools
poor wt gain and
growth
14.How do you diagnose biliary atresia?: any infant with jaundice
present 2-3 weeks after birth
-direct and indirect serum bilirubin
-LFTs
-abdominal x-ray
-abdominal US
-liver bx
15.How do you treat biliary atresia?: surgery (Kasai
procedure) liver transplant
16.What are signs and symptoms of Intussusception?: paroxysmal,
episodic abdominal pain with vomiting every 5 to 30 minutes, drawing
up of legs with periods of rest, bloody diarrhea
- May have fever
-Sausage like mass felt in RLQ (Dance Sign)
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