Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 ACTUAL TOPICS WITH ANSWERS
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback
Proteins
Integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
ATP
Simple/passive diffusion
Simple/passive diffusion
Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion
Osmosis
Primary Active Transport
Secondary Active Tra...
Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 ACTUAL TOPICS
WITH ANSWERS
1). Negative feedback
Ans: Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Ex: High FSBS, increased
insulin by the pancreas
2). Positive feedback
Ans: Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting,
platelet cascade
3). Proteins
Ans: Provide selectivity to a membrane
4). Integral proteins
Ans: channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second messengers
5). Peripheral proteins
Ans: Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediatiors
6). Atp
Ans: Converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd and 3rd
phosphate groups have abundant energy
7). Simple/passive diffusion
Ans: Occurs down a concentration gradient; from HIGH to LOW concentration
8). Simple/passive diffusion
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 18
, Ans: Diffuse from high to lower pressure; diffusion will not occur if the membrane is
non permeable to the molecule
9). Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion
Ans: 1. Concentration difference (high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters
TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy)
10). Osmosis
Ans: Passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID)
11). Primary active transport
Ans: Molecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a concentration; DIRECT USE OF
ENERGY
12). Secondary active transport
Ans: Trasport is driven by the energy STORED in the concentration gradient of another
molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY
13). Na+- k+ atpase
Ans: Carrier protein located on the plasma membrane of alll cells; enzyme that
converts ATP to ADP to release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy
14). Ca2+ atpase
Ans: Maintains a low cystosolic Ca2+ concentration
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 18
, 15). H+ atpase
Ans: - Found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion) and intercalated cells of
renal tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold
16). Remember: sodium potassium pump
Ans: sodium is pumped out of the cell; potassium is pumped in...
17). Secondary active transport; co-transport
Ans: Co-transport: Substance is transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion
(Na+)
18). Counter transport
Ans: Substance is transported in the opposite direction as the driver ion Na+
19). How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility?
Ans: Increase intracellular Ca2+
20). Ungated ion channels
Ans: determined by size, shape, distribution of charge
21). Gated ion channels
Ans: -volgate (e.g.) Voltage dependent Na+ channels)
-Chemically (e.g. Nicotinic AcH receptor channels)
22). Ion channels
Ans: Conductance depends on probability that channel is open.
23). Equilibrium potential
Ans: the diffusion potential that exactly balances or opposes the tendency for
diffusion down the concentration difference.
PaperStoc.com Page 3 of 18
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Academik001. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.