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NU 578 Controlled Substances EXAM 200 CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST 2024 .
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NU 578 Controlled Substances EXAM 200CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2024 .
A nurse is assessing a patient who becomes motionless and seems to
stare at the wall and then experiences about 60 seconds of lip
smacking and hand wringing. What should the nurse do?
a. Ask the patient about a history of absence seizures.
b. Contact the provider to report symptoms of a complex partial
seizure.
c. Notify the provider that the patient has had a grand mal seizure.
d. Request an order for intravenous diazepam [Valium] to treat status
epilepticus. - ANSWER >>>> ANS: B
This patient showed signs of a complex partial seizure, characterized
by impaired consciousness beginning with a period of motionlessness
with a fixed gaze, followed by a period of automatism.
The entire episode generally lasts 45 to 90 seconds.
Absence seizures are characterized by loss of consciousness for a
brief period (about 10 to 30 seconds) and may involve mild, symmetric
motor activity or no motor signs.
A grand mal seizure is characterized by jaw clenching and rigidity
followed by alternating muscle relaxation and contraction and then
periods of cyanosis, all with a loss of consciousness.
Status epilepticus is a seizure that persists for 30 minutes or longer.
A nurse is discussing partial versus generalized seizures with a group
of nursing students. Which statement by a student indicates
understanding of the teaching?
,a. "Febrile seizures are a type of generalized tonic-clonic seizure."
b. "Generalized seizures are characterized by convulsive activity."
c. "Partial seizures do not last as long as generalized seizures."
d. "Patients having partial seizures do not lose consciousness." -
ANSWER >>>> ANS: A
A patient shows loss of consciousness, jaw clenching, contraction and
relaxation of muscle groups, and periods of cyanosis. The nurse
correctly identifies this as which type of seizure?
a. Tonic-clonic
b. Petit mal
c. Myoclonic
d. Atonic - ANSWER >>>> ANS: A
Tonic-clonic seizures (or grand mal seizures) are considered
generalized seizures and are manifested by a loss of consciousness,
jaw clenching, muscle relaxation alternating with muscle contractions,
and periods of cyanosis.
Absence seizures (or petit mal seizures) are characterized by loss of
consciousness for a brief period and usually involve eye blinking and
staring into space.
Myoclonic seizures consist of sudden contractions that may be limited
to one limb or may involve the entire body.
Atonic seizures are characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone.
Febrile seizures typically manifest as a tonic-clonic seizure of short
duration and are a type of generalized seizure.
Generalized seizures may be convulsive or nonconvulsive.
Partial seizures may last longer than some types of generalized
seizures.
,Patients with complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized
seizures, which are types of partial seizures, may lose consciousness.
A nurse provides teaching for a patient with a newly diagnosed partial
complex seizure disorder who is about to begin therapy with
antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Which statement bythe patient indicates
understanding of the teaching?
a. "Even with an accurate diagnosis of my seizures, it may be difficult
to find an effective drug."
b. "I will soon know that the drugs are effective by being seizure free
for several months."
c. "Serious side effects may occur, and if they do, I should stop taking
the
medication."
d. "When drug levels are maintained at therapeutic levels, I can
expect to be seizure free." - ANSWER >>>> ANS: A
Even with an accurate diagnosis of seizures, many patients have to try
more than one AED to find a drug that is effective and well tolerated.
Unless patients are being treated for absence seizures, which occur
frequently, monitoring of the clinical outcome is not sufficient for
determining effectiveness, because patients with convulsive seizures
often have long seizure-free periods.
Serious side effects may occur, but withdrawing a drug precipitously
can induce seizures.
Not all patients have seizure control with therapeutic drug levels,
because not all medications work for all patients.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking an antiepileptic
drug for several weeks. The nurse asks the patient if the therapy is
effective. The patient reports little change in seizure frequency. What
will the nurse do?
, a. Ask the patient to complete a seizure frequency chart for the past
few weeks.
b. Contact the provider to request an order for serum drug levels.
c. Reinforce the need to take the medications as prescribed.
d. Request an order to increase the dose of the antiepileptic drug. -
ANSWER >>>> ANS: B
If medication therapy is not effective, it is important to measure serum
drug levels of the medication to determine whether therapeutic levels
have been reached and to help monitor patient compliance.
Patients should be asked at the beginning of therapy to keep a seizure
frequency chart to help deepen their involvement in therapy; asking for
historical information is not helpful.
Until it is determined that the patient is not complying, the nurse
should not reinforce the need to take the medication.
Until the drug level is known, increasing the dose is not indicated.
A patient with a form of epilepsy that may have spontaneous
remission has been taking an AED for a year. The patient reports
being seizure free for 6 months and asks the nurse when the drug can
be discontinued. What will the nurse tell the patient?
a. AEDs must be taken for life to maintain remission.
b. Another AED will be substituted for the current AED.
c. The provider will withdraw the drug over a 6- to 12-week period.
d. The patient should stop taking the AED now and restart the drug if
seizures recur. - ANSWER >>>> ANS: C
The most important rule about withdrawing AEDs is that they should
be withdrawn slowly over 6 weeks to several months to reduce the risk
of status epilepticus (SE).
AEDs need not be taken for life if seizures no longer occur.
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