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ABSC 160: Exam 1 – Questions With Good Solutions
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ABSC 160: Exam 1 – Questions With Good SolutionsTenets of developmental theory ✔️Ans - 1. development is continuous
2. development is not a constant, even process
3. development is non-linear
4. description is not enough, need an explanation
5. nature and nurture play a role
Theory ✔️Ans - describes factors responsible for scientific observations
Steps:
1. experiment
2. functional (casual) relation
3. discover a scientific fact
4. discover many facts over time, researchers and experiments
5. THEORY
Scientific Method ✔️Ans - Make an observation
Formulate hypothesis
Operationalize your concept
Choose a research method
Select a representative sample
Conduct your test
Interpret the results
Disseminate information
Refine your theory
biological basis of behavior ✔️Ans - -species specific behaviors
-evidence from breeding
-behavior change after biological alteration
-familial aggregation of illness/ disorders
Sources of Influence on Development ✔️Ans - 1) Genetic-constitutional
makeup (determines physical characteristics)
2) Previous Interactional History (learning from experiences)
3) Current Physiological Conditions (if someone is sick)
4) Current Environmental Conditions
5) Behavior Dynamics
,Polygenic Inheritance ✔️Ans - Numerous genes that may interact
together to promote any particular trait or behavior
Pleiotropic Effect ✔️Ans - The many different influences a single gene
might have
Experimental research design ✔️Ans - An experimental group is
administered a treatment and the outcome is compared with a control
group that does not receive the treatment
Correlational Research Design ✔️Ans - Research design that measures
the strength and direction of the relationship between two or more
variables that are not created by the experimenter
Longitudinal Design ✔️Ans - Follows one group of individuals and
collects data from them at several points in time
Cross-sectional design ✔️Ans - research design that examines people of
different ages at a single point in time
Cofounding Variable ✔️Ans - a factor other than the independent
variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
Spurious correlation ✔️Ans - a relationship between two variables that
is actually caused by a third factor
Applied Research ✔️Ans - Research with the primary goal of solving
problems or improving the human condition
How to be a good consumer of information ✔️Ans - -know the source of
you information
-examine the evidence and question authority
-become a critical thinker
-beware of making generalizations
-beware of perceptual bias
-question "common sense"
, Skepticism ✔️Ans - Judging the validity of a claim based on objective
empirical evidence
Research that has the primary goal of satisfying our curiosity and
increasing our understanding of the world we live in is called ✔️Ans -
Basic Research
We know that both nature and nurture play a role in development, but
today we are most interested in understanding ✔️Ans - how genes are
expressed through the constant interaction with the environment
What are the forces that drive development? ✔️Ans - biological
processes, environmental events, or a combination of both
Circular Logic ✔️Ans - When a term is used as the explanation of a
phenomenon, while at the same time it is also the object of the study
Reification ✔️Ans - viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were
a concrete thing
Description ✔️Ans - a spoken or written summary of observations
explanation ✔️Ans - an interpretation of observations, It allows
prediction and control
When referring to development, continuity assumes that ✔️Ans - New
behaviors develop from old ones
Bronfenbrenner would say it is important we understand the individual
✔️Ans - Within all of the contexts that affect development
Pseudoscience ✔️Ans - -a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly
regarded as being based on scientific method
-use of testimonials or anecdotes
-claims that are unfalsifiable
-claims of effectiveness based on established scientific evidence when in
fact there is NO evidence or evidence is misinterpreted
good theory ✔️Ans - public
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