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ABSC 160 Exam 3 – Questions & Answers (Rated A+)
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ABSC 160 Exam 3 – Questions & Answers (Rated A+)
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ABSC 160 Exam 3 – Questions & Answers (Rated A+)SKINNER'S theory of language development ✔️Ans - Was also called
the "impossible theory", focused on function of language
CHOMSKY'S theory of language development ✔️Ans - Called the
"miracle" theory, focused on the structure of language
Do genetics play a role in language? ✔️Ans - They likely play a role in
language because they give us the physiology capable of learning language.
In what way is verbal behavior NOT special? ✔️Ans - Verbal behavior
is behavior; same principles apply as with other learned behavior
In what ways are verbal behavior special? ✔️Ans - - It is behavior
reinforced through the mediation of another person's behavior
- It involves a social interaction between speakers and listeners
How do speakers gain access to reinforcement and control their
environment? ✔️Ans - Through the behavior of listeners
Verbal behavior is NOT just talking --- what else does it include? ✔️Ans
- sign language, reading, writing, looking, pointing, waving, etc.
Four-term contingency ✔️Ans - EO, SD, Response, Consequence
(Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence)
What are the five verbal operants? ✔️Ans - Mand, Tact, Echoic, Textual,
Intraverbal
Mand ✔️Ans - Speaker asks for or demands what he needs or wants.
EX: "Cookie." or "May I have a cookie?"
Tact ✔️Ans - Speaker names things and actions that the speaker has
direct contact with through any of the senses
EX: Sees a cookie, and simply sames/identifies it
, Echoic ✔️Ans - Speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another
speaker. EX: Imitating.. Boy: "Cookie", Girl: "Cookie"
Textual ✔️Ans - A type of verbal operant where SD is written or
printed. EX: Reading "cookie" off of a sign
Intraverbal ✔️Ans - Speaker differentially responds to the verbal
behavior of others. EX: Boy: "C is for..." Girl: "Cookie"
Crying ✔️Ans - For newborns, its reflexive. After that, it means
something
Cooing ✔️Ans - Vowel like sounds under happy conditions, 2-4 months
Babbling ✔️Ans - Universal, starts at 3-4 months. At 6 months, it
develops a pattern
Echolalic babbling ✔️Ans - Doesn't mean anything, but sounds like it
could
Gestures ✔️Ans - 10-12 months, using gestures to communicate
True words: ✔️Ans - Speaking true words, 10-12 months
How much of language development does parental reinforcement account
for? ✔️Ans - Some but not all
What is the 5-step process of parental reinforcement ✔️Ans - 1.
Parents use sound of child's native language
2. Sounds of native language become secondary reinforcers
3. During babbling, one of these sounds is emitted (by luck)
4. Consequence = hearing the sound
5. The response is automatically reinforced
Generalized imitation ✔️Ans - Occurs when a child imitates behaviors
that they have not yet led to reinforcement. This happens because of their
history with other imitative behaviors being reinforced.
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