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ITLS test review Exam Questions with 100% Verified Solutions
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ITLS test review Exam Questionswith 100% Verified Solutions
Hypoxemia - -The most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in the
trauma patient
-Cardiac output - -Heart rate x stroke volume
-Shock - -Condition that occurs when perfussion of the bodies tissues with
oxygen, glucose, electrolytes and fluid becomes inadequate.
-Compensated shock - -Weakness, lightheaded, pallor, tachy, diaphoresis,
tachypenia, decreased urine output, weak peripheral pulses
-Decompinsated shock - -Hypotension, altered mental status, cardiac arrest
-Early shock - -Loss of 15-25% of blood volume, tachy, pallor, narrowed
pulse pressure, thirst, weakness
-Late shock - -Loss of 30-45% blood loss, hypotension. Bodies ability to
compensate has failed
-Pressence of tachycardia - -Tachycardia in the resting patient is always an
indication something medically wrong or possibly occult hemorhage.
-Whats considered tachycardia? - -Above 100 in an adult and higher in
younger ages
-Low volume shock - -absolute hypovolemia, caused by a Weak, thready
pulse,rapid rate,hemorhage, or other major body fluid loss
-High space shock - -relative hypovolemia, caused by spinal injury,
vasovagal syncope, sepsis and certain drug overdoses, normal weak pulse
-Mechanical shock - -cardiogenic shock, also known as obstructive shock,
caused by pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive
pulmonary embolism, or weakened heart muscle(like myocardial contusion
or infarction)
-whats the #1 cause of preventable death from injury? - -hemorrhagic
shock
-hypovolemic shock signs and symptoms - -tachycardia, pale, and have flat
neck veins
, -"vasodilatory shock" - -relative hypovolemia or high space shock
-Neurogenic Shock signs and symptoms - -Decreased blood pressure, heart
rate will be normal or slow and the skin is usually warm, dry and pink. The
patient may also have accompanying parylisis and/or sensory deficits.
-tension pneumothorax - -High air tension that may sometimes develop in
the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. It prevents venous
return to the heart causing JVD and tracheal deviation
-Cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade - -blood fills the space
between the heart and the pericardium squeezing the heart and preventing
the heart from filling. Causes cardiac output to fall resulting in shock.
-"Becks Triad" - -signs and symptoms of a pericardial tamponade: Shock,
Muffled Heart Tones, Narrowed Pulse Pressures and JVD. (Normal Lung
sounds!)
-Myocardial Contusion - -Heart loses pumping ability due to direct injury to
the heart muscle and cardiac dysrhythmias. Rapid Transport and cardiac
monitoring!
-for Cyanosis to occur - -a patient must have 5 grams of deoxygenated
hemoglobin per 100cc of blood
-What is the optimal pulse oximetry reading for patients at risk of shock - -
95%
-What is the fluid bolus for a patient with shock symptoms? - -20 mL/KG IV
-Last Resort for bleeding that cant be controlled with a tourniquet(groin,
face, neck, scalp, axilla)? - -hemostatic agents such as Quickclot
-Location for decompression of a tension pneumothorax? - -above the 3rd
rib, midclavicular
-2 situations that require modification of the usual SMR? - -1) Patient whom
is in immediate danger of death due to hostile enviroment 2) Immediate life
threatening position in a structure or vehicle
-Emergency Rescue - -situations where there is immediate enviromental
threat to the life of the victim or rescuer. Patients should be moved to a safe
area in a manner that puts the rescuer at the least risk.(1-2 seconds)
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