Professional English in Use Engineering With Answers
Professional English in Use Engineering presents and practises over 1000 words and phrases to help you function in English in your everyday working life. Using the highly successful format of presentation on the left hand page and practice on the right hand page, Professional English in Use Enginee...
DESIGN
m Material types
A Metals and non-metals
28
B Elements, compounds and mixtures
D Drawings 8 c Composite materials
A Drawing types and scales
B Types of views used on drawings m Steel
A Carbon steels
30
D Design development 10 B Alloy steels
A Initial design phase c Corrosion
B Collaborative development
II Design solutions 12
OJ Non-ferrous meta ls 32
A Common non-ferrous engineering
A Design objectives metals
B Design calculations B Plating with non-ferrous metals
MEASUREMENT
m Polymers
A Natural and synthetic polymers
34
B Thermoplastics and thermosetting
II Horizontal and vertical plastics
measurements 14
A Linear dimensions m Minerals and ceramics
A Mineral and ceramic engineering
36
B Level and plumb
materials
II locating and setting out 16 B Glass
A Centrelines and offsets
B Grids 1m Concrete 38
A Concrete mix design
a Dimensions of circles 18 B Reinforced concrete
A Key dimensions of circles
B Pipe dimensions m Wood
A Categories of wood
40
D Dimensional accuracy 20 B Solid structural timber
c Engineered wood
A Precision and tolerance
B Fit
1m Material properties 1 42
a Numbers and calculations
A Decimals and fractions
22 A Tensile strength and deformation
B Elasticity and plasticity
B Addition, subtraction, multiplication c Stages in elastic and plastic
and division deformation
II Area, size and mass 24 1m Material properties 2 44
A Area A Hardness
B Weight, mass, volume and density B Fatigue, fracture toughness and creep
c Basic thermal properties
IDJ Measurable parameters 26
A Supply, demand and capacity
B Input, output and efficiency
Professional English in Use Engineering 3
, f1!J Forming, working and STATIC AND DYNAMIC PRINCIPLES
heat-treating metal
A Casting, sintering and extruding
46 1m Load, stress and strain 66
A Load
metal
B Stress and strain
B Working metal
c Heat-treating metal m failure
Force, deformation and
m Material formats
A Raw materials for processing
48
A Types of force and deformation
68
B Formats of processed materials B Types of failure
MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY m Structural mechanics
A Statically determinate structures
70
m 30 component features
A 3D forms of edges and joints
50 B Resultant forces and centre of
gravity
B 3D forms of holes and fasteners
c Frames and trusses
m Machining 1 52 ID Motion and simple
A Machining and CNC
machines 72
B Machining with cutting tools A Acceleration and motion
B Inertia
fiJ Machining 2 54 c Simple machines
A Guillotining and punching
8 High-temperature metal cutting
IIJ Moving parts 74
techniques A Angular motion
c Laser cutting and UHP waterjets B Rotary and reciprocating motion
c Engine revs
m Interconnection
A Attaching and supporting
56 D Friction
B Fitting together
ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE
fll Mechanical fasteners 1 58 IJB Energy 76
A Bolts A Forms of energy
8 Preload in bolted joints B Energy efficiency
C Washers C Work and power
fJJ Mechanical fasteners 2 60 IDJ Heat and temperature 78
A Screws A Changes of temperature and state
B Screw anchors B Heat transfer
c Rivets
FLUIDS
Em Non-mechanical joints 1 62
m Fluid containment 80
A Welding
8 Common gas and arc welding A Pipes, ducts and hoses
techniques B Tanks
C Pumps, fans and turbines
fiJ Non-mechanical joints 2 64
A Specialized welding techniques ~ Fluid pressure 82
8 Brazing and soldering A Gauge pressure and absolute
c Adhesives pressure
B Hydrostatic pressure and siphonic
action
4 Professional English in Use Engineering
,OJ Fluid dynamics 84 Appendix I
Three-dimensional drawings
98
A Fluid dynamics and aerodynamics
B Drag
Appendix II 99
c Laminar flow and turbulent flow
0 Aerofoils Shapes
MECHANISMS Appendix Ill 100
Units of measurement
IIi) Engines and motors 86
Appendix IV 104
A Types and functions of engines and
motors Chemical elements
B Internal combustion engines
Appendix V 106
CD Transmission 1 88 Structural elements and types of load
A Gears
B Gear ratios
Appendix VI 108
C Types of gear wheel Moments
ID Transmission 2 90 Appendix VII 109
A Chains, sprockets and pulleys Vapour, cooling and thermal inertia
B Conversion between reciprocating
and rotary motion
Appendix VIII 110
The electromagnetic spectrum
ELECTRICITY
Appendix IX 111
GD Current, voltage and Pipe and hose fittings and valves
resistance 92
Appendix X 112
A Electric current
Siphonic action
B Voltage and resistance
c Electrical power Appendix XI 113
m Electrical supply
A Direct current and alternating
94 Managing rotary motion
Appendix XII 114
current
Electrical and electronic components
B AC generation and supply
c DC generation and use Appendix XIII 118
em Circuits and components
A Simple circuits
96 Sensing, measuring and regulating
devices
B Mains AC circuits and switchboards
Answer key 119
c Printed and integrated circuits
D Electrical and electronic components
Index 130
Acknowledgements 143
Professional English in Use Engineering 5
, Introduction
Who is this book for?
Professional English in Use Engineering presents around 1,500 of the most important
technical words and phrases in English that engineers and engineering technicians need
for their work. The vocabulary has been carefully chosen to include:
• terms that are essential in all fields of engineering - for example, all engineers need to
discuss dimensions and tolerances, know the names of common materials, and describe
how components are fitted and fixed together
• language for discussing and applying key engineering concepts - for example, stress
and strain, work and power, and fluid dynamics
• more specific language for mechanical, electrical and civil/structural engineering.
This book is for professional engineers who are already familiar with engineering
concepts and for students of engineering. Language teachers who teach technical English
will also find the explanations helpful. The level of English used is intermediate to upper-
intermediate (Levels B1 to B2 in the Common European Framework).
You can use the book on your own for self-study, or with a teacher in the classroom,
one-to-one or in groups.
Professional English in Use Engineering is part of the Professional English in Use series
from Cambridge University Press. More information on this series is available at
www.cambridge.org/elt
How is the book organized?
The book has 45 units which are grouped into nine themes. Each theme covers an
important area of engineering such as Materials technology, Static and dynamic principles
and Mechanisms. Each unit has two pages. The left-hand page explains key words and
phrases and shows you how they are used in context. The right-hand page has exercises
which allow you to practise the new language and improve your understanding of how it
is used. The Over to you activities at the end of each unit (see opposite) are discussion
and/or writing activities.
There are 13 appendices which provide the professional and student engineer with a
reference of English terms used in key engineering activities. For example, language for
describing three-dimensional drawings and shapes, the names for the chemical elements
and terms for sensing, measuring and regulating devices.
The answer key at the back of the book contains answers to all the exercises on the right-
hand pages. Most of the exercises have questions with only one correct answer.
The index lists all the key words and expressions presented in the book, together with
the numbers of the units in which they are presented. It also shows how the terms are
pronounced.
The left-hand page
This page presents the key words and phrases for each topic in bold. Key vocabulary is
introduced using short texts, scripts, diagrams and tables. Many vocabulary items are
illustrated. Each unit is divided into sections {usually A and B) and each section has a
specific title.
Some sections include notes on the key language - for example, explanations of words
that have different meanings in technical English and in everyday English, and references
to other units where related topics or words are covered in more detail.
6 Professional English in Use Engineering
,The right-hand page
The exercises on the right-hand page allow you to check your understanding of the words
and expressions presented on the left-hand page, and to practise using them. There is
a wide range of different types of exercise: for example, short texts, gap fills, matching
exercises, crosswords and notes to complete.
'Over to you' sections
An important feature of Professional English in Use Engineering is the Over to you
section at the end of each unit. These sections give you the opportunity to use the words
and expressions you have just learned, and to relate them to your own work or studies.
How to use the book for self-study
You can work through the book unit by unit, or use the contents page at the front of the
book to choose specific units that are relevant to you.
Read the texts on the left-hand page and concentrate on the key words and phrases in
bold. If you find technical terms that are not in bold, look at the index to see if they
are explained in another unit. You can also look at the index to help you learn how to
pronounce new words. Do the exercises on the right-hand page, then check your answers
in the key. If you have made mistakes, go back to the left-hand page and read the texts
again. Do the Over to you section. Try to use as many new words as possible. It is best to
discuss your ideas out loud and to record yourself if you can.
How to use the book in a classroom
Teachers can use Professional English in Use Engineering to provide a framework for an
'English for Engineering' course.
The illustrations can often be used as a warm-up activity or as a talking point during
the lesson. Sometimes, the left-hand page may be used as the basis for a presentation,
by either the teacher or the learners. Learners can do the exercises individually or in
small groups. They can then compare answers with other groups or in a whole-class
feedback session. The Over to you sections can be used as a starting point for role plays,
discussions and presentation activities, or adapted to out-of-class projects.
This book is also a perfect complement to Cambridge English for Engineering which
focuses on communication skills for engineers. More information on this title is available
at www.cambridge.org/elt/englishforengineering
Professional English in Use Engineering 7
, Drawings
- Drawing types and scales
In engineering, most design information is shown on drawings. Today, drawings are
generally not drawn by hand. They are produced on computer, using CAD (computer-aided
design) systems.
A key factor on a drawing is the scale - that is, the size of items on the drawing in relation
to their real size. When all the items on a drawing are shown relative to their real size, the
drawing is drawn to scale, and can be called a scale drawing. An example of a scale is 1:10
(one to ten). At 1:10, an object with a length of 100 mm in real life would measure 10 mm
on the drawing.
Most engineering designs consist of a set of drawings (a number of related drawings):
• General arrangement (GA) drawings show whole devices or structures, using a small scale.
This means objects on the drawing are small, relative to their real size (for example, a
1:100 drawing of an entire building).
• Detail drawings show parts in detail, using a large scale, such as 1:5 or 1:2. Small parts
are sometimes shown in a detail as actual size (1:1}, or can be enlarged to bigger than
actual size (for example, 2:1).
For electrical circuits, and pipe and duct networks, it is helpful to show designs in a
simplified form. In this case, schematic drawings (often referred to as schematics) are used.
An everyday example is the map of a train network.
Notes: When written, drawing is often abbreviated to dwg.
CAD is pronounced as a word: /kred/.
- Types of views used on drawings
Technicians are discussing different views shown on drawings (looking at components from
above, from the side, etc.), as they search for the information they require.
We need a view from above showing -the ge.nual a((ange.men-t
of all of -the roof panels - a plan of -the w'nole area.
According "to ihis lis-t, -there are e.te..va~ of all
four sides of -the machine on draWing 2B. So one
of T'nose s'nould show -the fron-t of -the machine.
lhe.re s'nould be a :5e.e11a'l Through
ihe pipe, showing ihe valve Inside,
on drawing %. We need an e.xplode.d 1/\e.W of -the mechanism,
showing -the componen-ts spaced ou-t.
I-t's hard "to visualiz..e ihis assembl'j, based on i'Wo~ eleva-tions
and sec-tions. I-t would be clearer if we had a i"nree~ view, as
ei-ther an ob11qJe. pr~t1on or an lsome:tl1c Pfo:\eGt1on.
Notes: See Appendix I on page 98 for examples of three-dimensional drawings.
In non-technical, everyday English, engineering drawings are often called plans.
Section is the short form of cross-section, and is commonly used in technical contexts.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional are often short~ned to 2D and 3D.
8 Professional English in Use Engineering
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