In the past, patient behaviors within the health care delivery system were
formed from the authoritarian positions of better-educated providers who
expected patients to be compliant and grateful. Today, health care
providers and consumers Correct Ans - encourage more proactive
roles for patients' participation in health care decisions with "shared
decision-making"
The U.S. healthcare delivery system has numerous stakeholders. In terms of
financial power, control of delivery system parameters for the majority of
Americans, and influence on consumers and providers of health care, which
of the following pairs of stakeholders is the most influential Correct
Ans - Government and private health insurers
Of the levels of prevention associated with the natural history of disease,
primary prevention refers to: Correct Ans - health education and
specific protection
In the natural history of a disease, the pre-pathogenesis period refers to
Correct Ans - Behavioral, genetic, environmental and other factors that
may contribute to an individual's likelihood of contracting a disease
Americans spend $9 billion + each year on alternative and complementary
therapies. This trend has caused Correct Ans - many private
insurers and Medicare and Medicaid to provide benefit coverage for certain
treatments
The service priorities of the U.S. health care system reflect America's
fascination with dramatic high-tech medicine. As a result Correct Ans -
- little of the health care dollar is spent on prevention
- the US system is the most expensive in the world
- the US has the world's most advanced medical capability
U.S. annual health care expenditures far outstrip those of 7 other developed
nations. In relationship with expenditures, U.S. health population status
ranking on critical indicators in comparison with those other developed
nations is Correct Ans - Dismally lower
,Potential conflicts of interest occur when physicians own or invest in
businesses (e.g. diagnostic, medical supply companies) to which they can
refer patients to generate profits. In response to these physician conflict of
interest issues Correct Ans - The ACA includes "Sunshine
provisions" require reporting of all financial transactions and transfers of
value between pharmaceutical/biologic product manufacturers and
physicians, hospitals and other entities reimbursed by the federal
government
Long term care needs of older, chronically ill Americans pose a particular
delivery system challenge because Correct Ans - Neither Medicare
nor private insurance support ongoing, non-acute services
The major health care advances of the second half of the 20th century were
in the area of Correct Ans - vaccines and antibiotics to prevent and
control infectious diseases, tranquilizers, the birth control pill
Blue Cross Hospital Insurance, the predominant form of health insurance
for decades, was modeled after Correct Ans - Baylor University
Hospital's school teachers plan
The Medicaid program has a history of very low reimbursement as
compared with Medicare reimbursement; critics site low Medicaid
reimbursement as a major reason that primary care doctors have rejected
serving the Medicaid population. An ACA provision addresses this issue by
Correct Ans - Reimbursing states for primary care physician fees for
Medicaid patients at no less than100% of Medicare payment rates
The explosion of science and technology in the 1970s resulted in which of
the following? Correct Ans - - Encouragement for physicians'
specialization
- Higher costs of health care
- Medical school efforts to attract more students to primary care
As early as the 19th century some Americans carried "health insurance"
through employers, fraternal orders, guilds, trade associations, unions or
commercial insurance companies. However unlike health insurance of
today, these insurance policies only provided for Correct Ans -
, Fixed payments to compensate for lost wages due to injury, sickness or
disability
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act was a response to which of the
following Correct Ans - public and professional concerns about
painful and demeaning terminal medical care
The American Medical Association's initial reaction to Blue Cross hospital
insurance plans suggested that the plans: Correct Ans - Were
unsound and unethical
A central provision of the ACA to assure health care coverage for most
Americans is Correct Ans - the individual mandate
The most significant social legislation passed by any Congress in the
history of the United States was the Correct Ans - Social Security
Act of 1935
To receive incentive payments for demonstrating "meaningful use,"
providers must meet criteria in three stages of EHR implementation. In
what stage must providers meet objectives for "capturing patient data and
sharing data in a standardized format with patients and other health care
professionals? Correct Ans - Stage 1
Two primary issues that concerned many regarding the ACA Correct
Ans - individual mandate & Medicaid expansion
HIPAA implementation introduced several new provisions beneficial to
individuals. Other than the privacy provision concerning patient data,
which other was an important provision Correct Ans - Elimination
of preexisting periods for individuals moving from job-to-job
Which of the following is synonymous with an EHR Correct Ans -
None of the above (Remember, EMR, EHR, PHR are all different)
This key Act provided financial incentive programs for physicians to buy,
install and adopt EHR systems Correct Ans - HITECH Act
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