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CHEM 120 Final Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A+)
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CHEM 120 Final Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A+)
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By: Fordenken • 4 months ago
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CHEM 120 FINAL EXAM1. What is chemistry?: the study of matter and its properties.
2. Element: Basic material that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
1 type of atom
3. Compound: Two or more chemical combinations of different elements.
2+ types of atoms
4. Scientific Notation: Expresses very large or very small numbers more
consisely.
5. SI Based Units: Mass: Kilogram/kg
Length: Meter/m
Time: Second/s
Temp: Kelvin/K
Amount of Substance: Mole/mol
6. parts per million (ppm): mg/L
7. parts per billion (ppb): mg/kg
8. Dimensional analysis: a technique of problem-solving that uses the units that
are part of a measurement to help solve the problem
9. Density: mass/volume
10. Toxicity: more toxic if it has a LOW LD50 value
11. Percentages: % = part/whole x 100
12. Precision: a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one
another
13. Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the true value
14. Components of Matter: Mixtures and Pure Substances
15. Mixtures: can be separated physically, and can be homogeneous or
heterogeneous
16. Heterogeneous Mixture: A mixture in which different materials can be
distinguished easily
2+ substances in different phases OR not well mixed
17. Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed
throughout the mixture
2+ substances in the SAME phase
18. Pure Substances: can't be separated physically, and are either elements or
compounds
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, . CHEM 120 FINAL EXAM
19. Atom: smallest unit of matter and elements
20. Molecules: Of element: smallest unit of 2+ of same atom
Of compound: smallest unit of 2+ of different atoms
21. Gas: A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
22. Liquid: A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.
23. Solid: Definite shape and volume
24. Physical Change: no bonds broken (phase change)
25. Chemical Change: bonds broken, new substance formed
26 Hypothermia: body loses heat faster than it can produce it
27. Hyperthermia: elevated temp due to poor thermoregulation
28. First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but
it can be transferred/transformed 29. Potential energy: bond strengths
30. Kinetic energy: speed of molecules (temp)
31. Specific heat: change the temp of 1g substance by 1 C (different for every
element) q=m*SH*”T
32. Metals: left of the staircase, mostly solids, conductive and shiny
33. Nonmetals: right of staircase, mostly gases, non-conductive and not ductile or
malleable
34. Metalloids: on staircase, mostly solids, semi-conductors and look like metals
behave like non-metals
35. Isotopes: Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
36. Polyatomic elements: H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, O3, P4, S8
37. Ionic radius: size of an ion
38. Cations: positively charged ions that lose an electron (smaller)
39. Anions: negatively charged ions that gain an electron (larger)
40. Ionic Compound: A compound that consists of positive and negative ions
metal + nonmetal or metal + polyatomic ion
41. Molecular Compound: 2 or more non metals combined
42. Naming Ionic Compounds (Metal): metal + nonmetal + ide
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